Enhanced‐mRNA Delivery Using Ultrasound‐Delivered Anchors for Bioorthogonal Ligation

E Emilio Di Ianni (Department of Neurology Molecular Neurogenetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA) J Jueun Jeon (Center for Systems Biology) S Sedra Mohammadi (Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA) H Huiyu Hu J Jeremy M. Quintana (Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA) C Chanseo Lee E Edwina Abou Haidar (Department of Neurology Molecular Neurogenetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA) M Marie Goemans (Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA) A Ayrton Zargani‐Piccardi (Department of Neurology Molecular Neurogenetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA) M Mohammed Mahamdeh (Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center Cardiology Division Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA) I Iván Coto Hernández (Institute for Innovation in Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA) V Victoria E. Rodriguez (Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA) Y Yirong Zhou (Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA) A Aaron Aguirre (Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA) S Shiaulou Yuan (Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center Cardiology Division Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA) T Thomas S.C. Ng (Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA) K Koen Breyne (Department of Neurology Molecular Neurogenetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA) H Hakho Lee (Center for Systems Biology) X Xandra O. Breakefield (Department of Neurology Molecular Neurogenetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA) M Miles A. Miller (Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA)

Abstract

Abstract Therapeutic nucleic acid delivery has many potential applications, but it remains challenging to target extrahepatic tissues in a flexible and image‐guided manner. To address this issue, we report a bioorthogonal pre‐targeting strategy that uses focused ultrasound (FUS) to promote the delivery of mRNA‐loaded lipid nanoparticles (mRNA‐LNP). We synthesized amphiphilic click reactive anchors (ACRAs) consisting of a phospholipid PEG‐conjugate functionalized with trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) or its companion reactive partner methyltetrazine (mTz), producing ACRA‐TCO and ACRA‐mTz. ACRA derivatives were screened for cellular activity, yielding functionalized DOPE‐PEG (1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐N‐(polyethylene glycol)) derivatives outperforming those containing saturated lipid or branched PEG. Nanobubbles encapsulating ultrasound‐responsive gas delivered ACRA‐TCO to targeted cells and tissues using FUS. This pre‐targeting promoted the subsequent delivery of mRNA‐LNP functionalized with companion ACRA‐mTz. Ultrasound pre‐targeting enhanced the accumulation of mTz‐functionalized nanoparticles in cell cultures and mice by 75% and up to 3.6‐fold, respectively, and increased gene expression using mRNA‐LNP in vivo. Microbubbles loaded with ACRA roughly doubled mRNA delivery to the heart, while ultrasound alone did not. Taken together, this report presents a modular, ultrasound‐enabled strategy for enhancing nucleic acid delivery in targeted tissues.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 10
Published March 02, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (20)

E

Emilio Di Ianni

Department of Neurology Molecular Neurogenetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA

J

Jueun Jeon

Center for Systems Biology

S

Sedra Mohammadi

Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA

H

Huiyu Hu

J

Jeremy M. Quintana

Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA

C

Chanseo Lee

E

Edwina Abou Haidar

Department of Neurology Molecular Neurogenetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA

M

Marie Goemans

Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA

A

Ayrton Zargani‐Piccardi

Department of Neurology Molecular Neurogenetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA

M

Mohammed Mahamdeh

Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center Cardiology Division Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

I

Iván Coto Hernández

Institute for Innovation in Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

V

Victoria E. Rodriguez

Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA

Y

Yirong Zhou

Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA

A

Aaron Aguirre

Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA

S

Shiaulou Yuan

Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center Cardiology Division Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

T

Thomas S.C. Ng

Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA

K

Koen Breyne

Department of Neurology Molecular Neurogenetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA

H

Hakho Lee

Center for Systems Biology

X

Xandra O. Breakefield

Department of Neurology Molecular Neurogenetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA

M

Miles A. Miller

Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA