Enhanced quantum efficiency from optical interference in alkali antimonide photocathodes: Modeling and experimental results

C C. Pennington (Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,) E E. Echeverria (Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,) A A. Flint (Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,) N N. Gonzalez (Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,) T T. Wu T T. Arias (Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,) K K. P. Mondal (Brookhaven National Laboratory 3 , Upton, New York 11973,) K K. Evans-Lutterodt (Brookhaven National Laboratory 3 , Upton, New York 11973,) M M. Gaowei (Brookhaven National Laboratory 3 , Upton, New York 11973,) J J. Smedley (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 4 , Menlo Park, California 94025,) P P. Bhattacharyya (Arizona State University 5 , Tempe, Arizona 85004,) S S. Karkare (Arizona State University 5 , Tempe, Arizona 85004,) A A. Galdi (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno 6 , 84084 Fisciano, SA,) A A. Bartnik (Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,) J J. Maxson (Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,)

Abstract

We present measurements of enhanced quantum efficiency (QE) in thin film alkali antimonide photocathodes from optical interference in the cathode-substrate multilayer. Modulations in the spectral response are observed over a range of visible wavelengths and are shown to increase the QE by more than a factor of two at specific wavelengths. We present a model describing the QE modulations based on the three step photoemission process incorporating cases of both constant density of states and density functional theory-derived density of states and show that the calculated results are in good agreement with the measurements. Model predictions demonstrate that QE can be enhanced by more than a factor of 5 by optimization of cathode and substrate layer thicknesses. Additionally, these calculations reveal that optical interference can yield higher quantum efficiencies in thin films compared to thick, optically dense films. We model the QE vs excitation wavelength of multiple alkali antimonide compounds at different thicknesses. We then discuss the advantages of this interference effect for electron accelerators.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 139, Issue 6
Published February 14, 2026
ISSN 0021-8979
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Journal of Applied Physics

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0021-8979 Physical Sciences

Authors (15)

C

C. Pennington

Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,

E

E. Echeverria

Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,

A

A. Flint

Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,

N

N. Gonzalez

Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,

T

T. Wu

T

T. Arias

Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,

K

K. P. Mondal

Brookhaven National Laboratory 3 , Upton, New York 11973,

K

K. Evans-Lutterodt

Brookhaven National Laboratory 3 , Upton, New York 11973,

M

M. Gaowei

Brookhaven National Laboratory 3 , Upton, New York 11973,

J

J. Smedley

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 4 , Menlo Park, California 94025,

P

P. Bhattacharyya

Arizona State University 5 , Tempe, Arizona 85004,

S

S. Karkare

Arizona State University 5 , Tempe, Arizona 85004,

A

A. Galdi

Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno 6 , 84084 Fisciano, SA,

A

A. Bartnik

Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,

J

J. Maxson

Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education 1 , Ithaca, New York 14853,