Enhanced nitrate removal from aqueous solutions using amine-functionalized biowaste-derived adsorbent

Abstract

Abstract Nitrate ions constitute one of the major nitrogen resources for plant growth. However, the large amount of nitrate ions released into nearby waterbodies could cause eutrophication problems. This study developed a bio-based adsorbent from biowaste materials and functionalized it with amine groups through the Mannich reaction. The successful modification was confirmed using FTIR, SEM, and elemental analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions, including contact time, pH, and initial nitrate concentration. Results showed that the amine-functionalized bio-adsorbent exhibited an enhanced capacity for nitrate removal, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 65.79 mg g−1. Electrostatic interactions between amine-functionalized bio-adsorbent and nitrate ions were identified as the dominant sorption mechanism. These findings highlight the potential of this bio-based adsorbent as a sustainable and effective solution for nitrate removal from contaminated water sources.