Enhanced insulin signaling via circulating ATG7: A potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes

Y Yi Guan (State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong) Y Yang Yu M Mengdi Fu (Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University) H Hongde Xu (Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University) E Eunyoung Lee (Department of Medical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University) H Hanfeng Wang (Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University) J José María Moreno-Navarrete (Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, University of Girona) C Chengsi Deng (Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University) Y Yuheng Li (State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry) K Kangjing Song (Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University) Q Qiqiang Guo (Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University) X Xiaoyou Jiang (Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University) X Xiaoyu Song (Department of Chemistry) W Wendong Guo (Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University) Y Yanling Feng (Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University) F Fei Yi (Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University) N Ning Bai (Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University) J Jiabin Li (Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University) J Jingyang Chen (Medical Basic Experimental Teaching Centre, China Medical University) W Wenjing Shen (Yunnan Open University, Kunming, China.) W Wan Yu (Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University) D Difei Wang S Siru Hou (Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University) J Jichun Tan (Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University) J José-Manuel Fernández-Real (Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, University of Girona) A Antonio Vidal-Puig (Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)) L Liu Cao (Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science)

Abstract

Diabetes and insulin resistance (IR) remain major global health challenges, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we identify an autophagy-independent role of circulating autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) in metabolic regulation. Circulating ATG7 enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis by directly interacting with IRS1 and modulating insulin signaling (IS) through liver–muscle crosstalk. Mechanistically, ATG7 binds to IRS1, promoting its activation and the propagation of downstream IS. Notably, we identify an ATG7-derived peptide (Aap2) that recapitulates ATG7’s insulin-sensitizing effects and improves glycemic control in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic mouse models. These findings establish ATG7 as a key regulator of IS and suggest that targeting ATG7 may represent a promising therapeutic approach for IR and diabetes.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 1
Published January 06, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (27)

Y

Yi Guan

State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong

Y

Yang Yu

M

Mengdi Fu

Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University

H

Hongde Xu

Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University

E

Eunyoung Lee

Department of Medical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University

H

Hanfeng Wang

Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University

J

José María Moreno-Navarrete

Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, University of Girona

C

Chengsi Deng

Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University

Y

Yuheng Li

State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry

K

Kangjing Song

Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University

Q

Qiqiang Guo

Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University

X

Xiaoyou Jiang

Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University

X

Xiaoyu Song

Department of Chemistry

W

Wendong Guo

Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University

Y

Yanling Feng

Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University

F

Fei Yi

Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University

N

Ning Bai

Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University

J

Jiabin Li

Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University

J

Jingyang Chen

Medical Basic Experimental Teaching Centre, China Medical University

W

Wenjing Shen

Yunnan Open University, Kunming, China.

W

Wan Yu

Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University

D

Difei Wang

S

Siru Hou

Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University

J

Jichun Tan

Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University

J

José-Manuel Fernández-Real

Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, University of Girona

A

Antonio Vidal-Puig

Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)

L

Liu Cao

Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science