Engineering Interfacial Water for Advanced Electrocatalytic CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction: From Molecular Understanding to Materials Design

Y Yongzhe Xia (Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering Fujian Engineering Research Center of High Energy Batteries and New Energy Equipment &amp; Systems School of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China) P Ping Guan K Kaian Sun (College of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian Engineering Research Center of High Energy Batteries and New Energy Equipment &amp; Systems Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China) X Xin Tan (Institute for Carbon Neutralization Technology, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering) Z Zewen Zhuang (College of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian Engineering Research Center of High Energy Batteries and New Energy Equipment &amp; Systems Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China) W Wei Yan J Jiujun Zhang (Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient Development of Phosphorus Resources, Fujian Engineering Research Center of High Energy Batteries and New Energy Equipment & Systems) C Chen Chen

Abstract

ABSTRACT Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction (CO 2 RR) offers a direct pathway for converting CO 2 gas into fuels and value‐added chemicals. However, achieving CO 2 RR with high activity and stability remains a significant challenge. While previous research has predominantly focused on catalyst design, the role of interfacial water has often been overlooked. Interfacial water can act as the primary proton donor, directly influencing the competition between CO 2 RR and the hydrogen evolution reaction. Moreover, the dynamic hydrogen‐bond network of interfacial water can significantly alter the water dissociation barrier, thereby enhancing selectivity toward CO 2 RR products. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental properties of interfacial water in CO 2 RR, classifies the strategies for modulating interfacial water, and discusses the applicability of these strategies and their impact on CO 2 RR performance. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of interfacial water structural evolution on the CO 2 RR mechanism, as well as the corresponding characterization techniques. This review provides a structured framework for the study of interfacial water in CO 2 RR and offers guidance for the rational design of high‐efficiency catalysts.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 38, Issue 38
Published July 01, 2026
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (8)

Y

Yongzhe Xia

Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering Fujian Engineering Research Center of High Energy Batteries and New Energy Equipment &amp; Systems School of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China

P

Ping Guan

K

Kaian Sun

College of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian Engineering Research Center of High Energy Batteries and New Energy Equipment &amp; Systems Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China

X

Xin Tan

Institute for Carbon Neutralization Technology, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering

Z

Zewen Zhuang

College of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian Engineering Research Center of High Energy Batteries and New Energy Equipment &amp; Systems Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China

W

Wei Yan

J

Jiujun Zhang

Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient Development of Phosphorus Resources, Fujian Engineering Research Center of High Energy Batteries and New Energy Equipment & Systems

C

Chen Chen