Electron‐Trap Induced “Hot” Microenvironment Boosting Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation

B Bing‐Hao Wang (Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China) G Guang‐Hui Chen (Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China) S Sheng Tian (Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China) H Huijuan Wang Y Yu‐Yun Liu (Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China) X Xiong Wang (Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China) X Xing‐Sheng Hu (Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China) C Chao Peng J Jin‐Xin Li (Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China) Y Yang Li L Li‐Long Jiang (College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P.R. China) L Lang Chen (Collaborative Innovation Center for Statistical Data Engineering, Technology and Application School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University) S Shuang‐Feng Yin (College of Materials and Energy Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha People's Republic of China)

Abstract

Abstract Plasmonic photocatalysis aims to develop a highly reactive surface enriched with hot carriers to enable challenging chemical processes, including high‐energy‐barrier nitrogen reduction reactions. In traditional plasmonic photocatalysis, hot carriers often undergo rapid thermalization, leading to suboptimal catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the role of hot carriers in surface reactions is often complex and frequently overlooked. Here, we designed a photocatalyst through loading Au nanoparticles on Mo‐doped W 18 O 49 nanorods (Au‐MWO‐S) to achieve efficient nitrogen reduction to produce ammonia, with a formation rate reaching 571.0 µmol h −1 g −1 and solar‐to‐ammonia (STA) conversion efficiency up to 0.28%. It was revealed through in situ experiments and theoretical simulations that the shallow energy‐level defects in MWO‐S act as electron traps to rapidly capture, store, and release hot electrons, which greatly reduces the thermalization of hot electrons. At the same time, the local electromagnetic field of MWO‐S was enhanced, creating a high‐activity “hot” microenvironment on the surface of the photocatalyst. This, in turn, increased the occupancy of electrons in the anti‐bonding orbitals of N 2 , significantly promoting photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (pNRR). This work unveils the mechanism of hot carrier participation in surface reactions, inspiring the development of catalytic systems with hot‐electron‐active surfaces.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 3
Published January 16, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (13)

B

Bing‐Hao Wang

Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China

G

Guang‐Hui Chen

Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China

S

Sheng Tian

Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China

H

Huijuan Wang

Y

Yu‐Yun Liu

Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China

X

Xiong Wang

Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

X

Xing‐Sheng Hu

Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China

C

Chao Peng

J

Jin‐Xin Li

Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P.R. China

Y

Yang Li

L

Li‐Long Jiang

College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P.R. China

L

Lang Chen

Collaborative Innovation Center for Statistical Data Engineering, Technology and Application School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University

S

Shuang‐Feng Yin

College of Materials and Energy Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha People's Republic of China