Electroenzymatic CO <sub>2</sub> Fixation

L Leonardo Castañeda‐Losada (Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Bio‐, Chemo‐ and Electrocatalysis BioCat Straubing Germany) M Michael Richter (Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Bio‐, Chemo‐ and Electrocatalysis BioCat Straubing Germany) C Christophe Léger (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines) V Vincent Fourmond (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines) N Nicolas Plumeré (Technical University of Munich (TUM), Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Replacing fossil resources with renewable alternatives for chemical production requires highly integrated, energy‐efficient, and selective CO 2 utilization processes. Electroenzymatic CO 2 fixation offers a promising pathway, combining high energy efficiency with unparalleled product selectivity, making it a viable approach for synthesizing complex molecules. This review outlines the fundamental principles of bioelectrocatalytic CO 2 conversion using reductases and carboxylases, providing an overview of the available enzymes, their product range, and key thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. By highlighting both the potential and limitations of electrochemical CO 2 fixation, this review aims to inform future progress in the discovery, engineering, and application of CO 2 ‐converting enzymes, with the ultimate goal of realizing the full potential of electroenzymatic CO 2 fixation for the sustainable synthesis of fine and specialty chemicals.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 28
Published July 06, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (5)

L

Leonardo Castañeda‐Losada

Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Bio‐, Chemo‐ and Electrocatalysis BioCat Straubing Germany

M

Michael Richter

Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Bio‐, Chemo‐ and Electrocatalysis BioCat Straubing Germany

C

Christophe Léger

Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines

V

Vincent Fourmond

Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines

N

Nicolas Plumeré

Technical University of Munich (TUM), Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability