Electroacupuncture-based vagal stimulation attenuates epileptic seizures through a body–brain circuit

Y Yu Wang Q Qingyang Zhang (Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University) S Shuangshuang Wu (Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University) K Keyu Hu (Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University) S Siyi Bu (Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University) Y Yingjie Song (Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University) F Fan Fei (Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN, 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States) H Heming Cheng (Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University) D Di Wu S Shuang Wang Y Yi Guo C Cenglin Xu (Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University) W Wenlu Li (Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University) L Lihong Li (The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University) J Jiannong Wu (Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University) Y Yi Wang Z Zhong Chen

Abstract

Vagus nerve stimulation offers a promising strategy for seizure control but remains limited by its invasive delivery. Here, we reveal electroacupuncture (EA), an ancient neuromodulatory technique rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, at specific somatic acupoints linked to the vagal–brain axis to treat epilepsy and delineate the precise underlying neural mechanisms. We demonstrate that EA at the Dazhui (GV14) acupoint exhibits broad-spectrum antiseizure efficacy across multiple seizure models. Anatomical and functional analyses reveal that GV14 activates the vagal afferents and recruits neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS), which are essential for seizure suppression. Using targeted recombination in active populations and chemogenetic manipulation, we show that GV14 EA suppresses seizures via the recruitment of a defined cNTS–locus coeruleus–amygdala circuit. Furthermore, through vagal afferent activity screening, we identify Yaoqi (EXB9) as an alternative therapeutic acupoint that activates a shared neural pathway to robustly attenuate seizures. Importantly, thread-embedding acupuncture at GV14 or EXB9 produces sustained seizure reduction in a chronic epilepsy model. Together, these findings elucidate a functional vagal–brain circuit underlying EA-induced seizure control and support its translational potential as a minimally invasive neuromodulatory strategy to replace vagal stimulation for epilepsy treatment.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 12
Published March 24, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (17)

Y

Yu Wang

Q

Qingyang Zhang

Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

S

Shuangshuang Wu

Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

K

Keyu Hu

Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

S

Siyi Bu

Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

Y

Yingjie Song

Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

F

Fan Fei

Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN, 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States

H

Heming Cheng

Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

D

Di Wu

S

Shuang Wang

Y

Yi Guo

C

Cenglin Xu

Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

W

Wenlu Li

Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

L

Lihong Li

The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

J

Jiannong Wu

Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

Y

Yi Wang

Z

Zhong Chen