Efficacy and safety of pivekimab sunirine in combination with venetoclax plus azacitidine in unfit patients with newly diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: While newly diagnosed patients (pts) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy have prolonged survival outcomes with venetoclax plus azacitidine (VEN+AZA) over AZA alone (2-year overall survival rate: 37.5% vs 16.9%), more can be done to further enhance outcomes (Pratz et al., 2024). CD123 is overexpressed on AML blasts and leukemia stem cells in AML. Pivekimab sunirine (PVEK) is a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate comprised of a high-affinity anti-CD123 antibody, a cleavable linker, and an indolinobenzodiazepine pseudodimer payload. Previously, in pts with CD123-positive AML, PVEK combined with VEN+AZA demonstrated robust response rates with a manageable safety profile (Daver et al., 2023). Here we report a subgroup analysis from a preliminary cohort of frontline (1L)-treated pts with AML. Methods: Data are from the dose expansion phase of an ongoing, open-label, multicenter, fully enrolled, Phase 1b/2 study of PVEK+VEN+AZA in adults with 1L unfit AML deemed CD123-positive by investigator. Unfit pts were aged ≥75 years (yr), or aged <75 yr with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score 2–3, or ≥1 defined comorbidity. Pts received PVEK (0.045 mg/kg, intravenous [IV]) on Day (D) 7 plus VEN (400 mg equivalent, oral) daily in a 28-D cycle (cohort 1 received ≥14 D of VEN; cohort 2 received 28 D of VEN) plus AZA (up to 75 mg/m2, subcutaneous or IV) on D1–7. Bone marrow assessments were performed by D12–14 (cohort 1) or D18–21 (cohort 2) to determine VEN duration in cycle 1 and at the end of every subsequent cycle to assess responses and myelosuppression. The primary endpoint was antileukemia activity (complete remission [CR] rate) and measurable residual disease (MRD) assessments. Responses were determined using the modified European LeukemiaNet 2017 criteria (plus CR + partial hematologic recovery [CRh]). MRD-negativity was defined centrally as <0.1% using multiparameter flow cytometry. Safety was assessed as a secondary endpoint. Results: Among 1L unfit pts with CD123-positive AML (n=49), the median (range) age was 77 (58–85) yr, with most pts aged ≥75 yr (n=36 [74%]). Forty-two (86%) pts reported an ECOG PS ≤1, 14% (n=7) had secondary AML, and 20% (n=10) and 51% (n=25) had intermediate or adverse cytogenetic risk, respectively; 65% (n=32) and 35% (n=17) were reported as TP53wt or TP53mut, respectively. Eight (16%) pts bridged to stem cell transplant. The median (range) number of treatment cycles and duration of treatment were 4 (1–20) and 5.5 (0.7–22.7) months (mo), respectively, for PVEK; 4 (1–20) and 5.1 (0.9–22.9) mo for VEN; and 4 (1–21) and 5.7 (0.9–23.4) mo for AZA. For cohort 1 (n=10), the median (range) duration of VEN was 4.5 (2.1–22.9) mo, and for cohort 2 (n=39), the median (range) duration of VEN was 5.7 (0.9–15.2) mo. With a median (range) follow-up of 10 (1.2–26.7) mo, 63.3% (95% CI: 48.3%–76.6%) of pts achieved CR, 79.6% (95% CI: 65.7%–89.8%) achieved CR/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi), and 73.5% (95% CI: 58.9%–85.1%) achieved CR/CRh; morphologic leukemia free state was achieved in 4% (n=2) of pts. Of pts who achieved CR or CR/CRi with a MRD-evaluable sample, 92% (23/25) and 90% (27/30) achieved flow cytometry MRD-negativity (<0.1%) respectively. The most common (≥50% of pts) any grade treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia/neutrophil count decreased and thrombocytopenia/platelet count decreased (both 69%); constipation (61%); and peripheral edema (51%). Three pts (6%) experienced AEs leading to discontinuation (myocardial infarction/soft tissue infection/thrombocytopenia) and 2 pts had AEs leading to death (respiratory failure/pancytopenia). Conclusions: Unfit pts with newly diagnosed CD123-postive AML demonstrated high CR rates with PVEK+VEN+AZA. These robust response rates were observed across the select mutational profiles tested. Follow up with duration of response and survival estimates among all pts, by molecular subgroups and MRD negativity status, are being evaluated. Triplet therapy in unfit 1L pts with CD-123–positive AML was well-tolerated, and no new safety signals were observed. These data highlight the need to further evaluate this regimen in a randomized trial.