Effects of an AI–VR enhanced flipped classroom on English achievement, metacognitive self-regulation, and learning motivation among EFL learners: the moderating role of technological literacy

J Jiawei Shao (Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore) S Shupeng Tang J Jinming Ju

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 1, Issue 1
Published July 09, 2026
ISSN 2045-2322
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Scientific Reports

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2045-2322 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (3)

J

Jiawei Shao

Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore

S

Shupeng Tang

J

Jinming Ju