Editable Hydrogen Bond Network Within the Electric Double Layer for CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction

J Jiahao Yang (Xiamen University , , ,) S Shiju Yu (Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China) J Jiapeng Jiao (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering) S Shiqiang Liu (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) M Meng Zhou Y Yiyong Wang (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) W Wenling Zhao (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) Y Yaoyu Yin (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) H Hengan Wang (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) S Shipeng Zhang (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) Z Zhongnan Ling (Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility) H Huisheng Qin (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) K Ke Li X Xueqing Xing (Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility) Q Qinggong Zhu (Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,) Y Yi Xu X Xiaofu Sun (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) X Xinchen Kang (Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,) B Buxing Han (Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,)

Abstract

ABSTRACT The hydrogen bond network (HBN) of water is dynamic and highly sensitive to electrified interfaces, where its rigidity can be significantly altered. Tuning this property is crucial, as it directly impacts electrocatalytic performance and is a key requirement for scaling these processes industrially. In this study, the rigidity of the HBN within the electrical double layer (EDL) during electrolysis was edited by introducing different quaternary ammonium cations to a 1 M KHCO 3 buffer solution. CO 2 electroreduction was conducted using the different electrolytes, and the results reveal that the performance is highly dependent on the rigidity of the HBN within the EDL. A HBN with high rigidity favors CO production, whereas a HBN with low rigidity increases the formation of formate and H 2 . Notably, the production of C 2+ is maximized in an electrolyte where the HBN has moderate rigidity. By tuning the rigidity of the HBN, a Faradaic efficiency of 90.9% for C 2+ products is achieved with a current density of 0.81 A cm −2 over a typical Cu electrode. In situ spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements reveal that the rigidity of the HBN governs the configuration of the reaction intermediates and the kinetics of water dissociation, thereby dictating the final product distribution.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 1, Issue 1
Published July 08, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (19)

J

Jiahao Yang

Xiamen University , , ,

S

Shiju Yu

Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

J

Jiapeng Jiao

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering

S

Shiqiang Liu

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

M

Meng Zhou

Y

Yiyong Wang

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

W

Wenling Zhao

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

Y

Yaoyu Yin

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

H

Hengan Wang

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

S

Shipeng Zhang

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

Z

Zhongnan Ling

Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

H

Huisheng Qin

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

K

Ke Li

X

Xueqing Xing

Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Q

Qinggong Zhu

Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,

Y

Yi Xu

X

Xiaofu Sun

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

X

Xinchen Kang

Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,

B

Buxing Han

Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,