Dysregulation of autophagosome–mitochondria contacts contributes to autophagy dysfunction and neurodegeneration in tauopathy

N Nuo Jia (Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) H Hongyuan Guan (Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) Y Yantao Zuo (Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) Y Yu Young Jeong (Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) N Niharika Amireddy (Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) G Gavesh Rajapaksha (Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) C Cuauhtemoc Ulises Gonzalez (Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) N Nora Jaber (Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) Y Yun-Kyung Lee (Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) M Marialaina Nissenbaum (Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) D David J. Margolis (Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) W Wei Dai (Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS) A Alexander W. Kusnecov (Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) Q Qian Cai (State Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Devices, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter)

Abstract

Mitochondria (Mito) engage in extensive communication with other organelles through membrane contacts. Perturbed mitochondria–organelle interactions are indicated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report a class of mitochondria–organelle communication: autophagosome/autophagic vacuole (AV)–Mito contact, which exhibits hypertethering in tauopathy neurons, consequently hampering AV retrograde transport. Such defects are attributed to accelerated turnover of the contact release factor TBC1D15, triggered by mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit-induced hyperactivity of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Increasing TBC1D15 levels or repressing AMPK activity normalizes AV-Mito contact release and restores retrograde transport of AVs, thereby increasing autophagic cargo clearance and reducing tau burden in tauopathy axons. Furthermore, overexpression of TBC1D15 enhances autophagic clearance and attenuates tau pathology, alleviating neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction in tauopathy mice. Taken together, our study provides mechanistic insights into AV-Mito contact dysregulation in tauopathy-related autophagy failure, laying the groundwork for the development of potential therapeutics to combat tauopathy diseases.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 24
Published June 16, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (14)

N

Nuo Jia

Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

H

Hongyuan Guan

Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Y

Yantao Zuo

Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Y

Yu Young Jeong

Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

N

Niharika Amireddy

Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

G

Gavesh Rajapaksha

Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

C

Cuauhtemoc Ulises Gonzalez

Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

N

Nora Jaber

Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Y

Yun-Kyung Lee

Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

M

Marialaina Nissenbaum

Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

D

David J. Margolis

Division of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

W

Wei Dai

Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS

A

Alexander W. Kusnecov

Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Q

Qian Cai

State Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Devices, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter