Disruption of dynactin complex function in intellectual disability

Y Yuxiang Pan (Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology) H Huijuan Li (Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University) M Mingchun Liao (Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology) T Tianyun Wang (Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China & National Health Commission of China, Peking University) X Xiaoli Rao (Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China & National Health Commission of China, Peking University) Q Qiu Wang P Ping Hu D Dandan Zheng (Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology) Y Yang Jiao L Luonan Chen Y Yun Stone Shi (Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology) Y Yonghua Zhao (Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau) X Xu Zhang Z Zhuo Li L Lan Bao (Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences) L Lingqian Wu (Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University) B Bin Wang

Abstract

Intellectual disability (ID) is a highly prevalent condition affecting approximately 200 millions of people worldwide, characterized by impaired cognitive function. Dynactin complex consists of multiple protein subunits and is required for intracellular trafficking and synaptic homeostasis in developing and mature neurons. Here, we identify deleterious variants of dynactin subunit 4 (DCTN4) in ID pedigrees. DCTN4 ablation in mice results in altered neuronal positioning and apoptosis in neural progenitor cells. Notably, mice carrying the ID-linked DCTN4 variant exhibit cognitive deficits with impaired dendritic development. Cortical neurons with DCTN4 deficiency or variant show reduced levels of various dynactin subunits, suggesting that deficits in dynactin complex affects synaptic function. Furthermore, disruption of the DCTN4–JIP3 complex impairs lysosomal transport and dendritic development as well as synaptic development. Importantly, we showed that damaging variants in another dynactin subunit DCTN2 also disrupt neuronal positioning, reinforcing the critical role of dynactin complex in neurodevelopment and ID pathogenesis. These findings illustrate dysfunctional dynactin complex as a previously unrecognized disease mechanism of ID.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 27
Published July 07, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (17)

Y

Yuxiang Pan

Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology

H

Huijuan Li

Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University

M

Mingchun Liao

Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology

T

Tianyun Wang

Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China & National Health Commission of China, Peking University

X

Xiaoli Rao

Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China & National Health Commission of China, Peking University

Q

Qiu Wang

P

Ping Hu

D

Dandan Zheng

Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology

Y

Yang Jiao

L

Luonan Chen

Y

Yun Stone Shi

Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology

Y

Yonghua Zhao

Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau

X

Xu Zhang

Z

Zhuo Li

L

Lan Bao

Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences

L

Lingqian Wu

Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University

B

Bin Wang