Differential Wnt/β-catenin signaling via TCF7L2/LEF1 binding specificity shapes cellular and tumor phenotypes

T Thomas A. Kluiver (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) A Anna Nordin (Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University) Y Yuyan Lu (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) X Xuan Guo (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) S Stephanie A. Schubert (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) D Darien Yeung (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) A Arif Ibrahim Ardisasmita (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) W Wessel Terpstra (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) C Chang Zhang X Xiaochen Duan (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) R Rishi Savur (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) M Marius C. van den Heuvel (Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen) V Vincent E. de Meijer (Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen) R Ruben H. de Kleine (Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen) K Kathelijne Kraal (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) R Ronald R. de Krijger (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) J József Zsiros (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology) C Claudio Cantù (Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University) W Weng Chuan Peng (Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology)

Abstract

The mechanisms by which Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates gene expression in a tissue- and context-specific manner remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to target the aberrant cell growth typical of many Wnt-driven cancers. Here, we focus on malignant liver tumors driven by activating CTNNB1 (β-catenin) mutations that nevertheless display distinct phenotypic states and Wnt outputs. By profiling patient-derived organoids via single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin dynamics, we identify subtype-specific transcriptional and epigenetic profiles. Using CUT&RUN, we show that β-catenin engages distinct genomic regions, dictated by differential association with TCF/LEF family transcription factors. Specifically, we define a sequence-specific regulatory element engaged by β-catenin only upon interaction with TCF7L2, revealing that partner choice, independent of CTNNB1 mutational status, ultimately determines cell fate. Our findings, validated across multiple tumor models and patient tissues, offer a framework for understanding how differential β-catenin-TCF/LEF interaction orchestrates context-specific Wnt signaling outcomes.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 24
Published June 16, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (19)

T

Thomas A. Kluiver

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

A

Anna Nordin

Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University

Y

Yuyan Lu

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

X

Xuan Guo

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

S

Stephanie A. Schubert

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

D

Darien Yeung

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

A

Arif Ibrahim Ardisasmita

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

W

Wessel Terpstra

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

C

Chang Zhang

X

Xiaochen Duan

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

R

Rishi Savur

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

M

Marius C. van den Heuvel

Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen

V

Vincent E. de Meijer

Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen

R

Ruben H. de Kleine

Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen

K

Kathelijne Kraal

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

R

Ronald R. de Krijger

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

J

József Zsiros

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology

C

Claudio Cantù

Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University

W

Weng Chuan Peng

Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology