Diagnosis and management of AML in pediatric patients: consensus recommendations from an international expert panel

C C. Michel Zwaan (1Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands) S Sarah K. Tasian R Richard Aplenc L Lisa E. Brodersen (5Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA) B Barbara Buldini B Barbara De Moerloose M Michael N. Dworzak L Linda Fogelstrand B Brenda E. S. Gibson (12Haematology Department, Royal Hospital for Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom) B Bianca F. Goemans (1Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands) H Henrik Hasle (13Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark) B Betsy A. Hirsch (14Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN) G Gertjan J. L. Kaspers (1Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands) J Jan-Henning Klusmann M Matthew A. Kutny (17Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL) T Thomas Lehrnbecher (16Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany) F Franco Locatelli (IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù Rome, Rome) S Soheil Meshinchi A Arnaud Petit (20Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Armand-Trousseau Hospital Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Sorbonne University, Paris, France) M Martina Pigazzi A Anne Tierens (21Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada) E E. Anders Kolb D Dirk Reinhardt (23Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie, Essen, Germany) D Daisuke Tomizawa T Todd M. Cooper (25Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA)

Abstract

Abstract The European LeukemiaNet has periodically issued guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults. These consensus recommendations, most recently updated in 2022, incorporate recent advances in genomic testing, disease detection methods, target identification, and response assessment. Although similarities exist between AML in children and adults, pediatric AML is frequently characterized by unique cytogenetic and molecular features, which require distinct genetic and immunophenotypic diagnostics, therapeutic approaches, response assessment criteria, and supportive care strategies. To address these specific needs, an international panel of pediatric hematologist-oncologists, biologists, geneticists, and laboratory medicine scientists convened to develop recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AML in children, adolescents, and young adults (hereafter termed pediatric AML) that are discussed in this special report.

Article Details

Journal Blood
Volume / Issue Vol. 147, Issue 14
Published April 02, 2026
Pages 1532-1561
ISSN 0006-4971
Publisher Elsevier BV

Journal Info

Blood

Elsevier BV

ISSN: 0006-4971 Health Sciences

Authors (25)

C

C. Michel Zwaan

1Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

S

Sarah K. Tasian

R

Richard Aplenc

L

Lisa E. Brodersen

5Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA

B

Barbara Buldini

B

Barbara De Moerloose

M

Michael N. Dworzak

L

Linda Fogelstrand

B

Brenda E. S. Gibson

12Haematology Department, Royal Hospital for Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

B

Bianca F. Goemans

1Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

H

Henrik Hasle

13Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

B

Betsy A. Hirsch

14Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN

G

Gertjan J. L. Kaspers

1Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

J

Jan-Henning Klusmann

M

Matthew A. Kutny

17Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL

T

Thomas Lehrnbecher

16Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

F

Franco Locatelli

IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù Rome, Rome

S

Soheil Meshinchi

A

Arnaud Petit

20Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Armand-Trousseau Hospital Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Sorbonne University, Paris, France

M

Martina Pigazzi

A

Anne Tierens

21Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

E

E. Anders Kolb

D

Dirk Reinhardt

23Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie, Essen, Germany

D

Daisuke Tomizawa

T

Todd M. Cooper

25Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA