Depth of nutrient uptake by deep-rooted plants is regulated by water availability

L Langlang Li (Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California) J John N. Christensen (Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) M Markus Bill (Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) W Wenming Dong (Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) Y Yuxin Wu (Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) C Curtis Beutler (Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) M Matthias Sprenger (Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) B Brian W. Gulick (Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University) S Sharon E. Bone (Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory) B Boris Faybishenko (Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) J John Sanders (Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California) C Chunwei Chou (Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) A Amanda Henderson (Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory) N Nicholas J. Bouskill (Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) K Kenneth H. Williams (Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) B Benjamin Gilbert

Abstract

The capacity of some plants to access water and nutrients at depths greater than one meter is a critical functional trait that confers resistance to drought and impacts both belowground and shallow soil processes. Here, we report water and strontium isotopic data from an alpine meadow transect showing the correlation between water and nutrient acquisition depths. The isotopic compositions of Sr ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio) and water in rock and soil, and in plant leaf tissues, reveal that deeper-rooted plants acquire a higher proportion of water, Sr, and cation nutrients that are derived from the saprolite, a zone of silicate weathering, than shallow-rooted grass. A three-decade dendrochemical record reveals that reductions of wet precipitation drive deep-rooted plants to acquire cation nutrients from deeper saprolite or bedrock regions. Thus, the depth of cation nutrient acquisition by deep-rooted plant species at this site is tightly coupled with, and likely determined by, water availability in soil, saprolite, and bedrock. The enhanced uptake of cations as well as water from deeper saprolite zones could impact the rate of bedrock weathering and watershed chemistry during drought.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 13
Published March 31, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (16)

L

Langlang Li

Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California

J

John N. Christensen

Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

M

Markus Bill

Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

W

Wenming Dong

Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Y

Yuxin Wu

Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

C

Curtis Beutler

Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

M

Matthias Sprenger

Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

B

Brian W. Gulick

Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University

S

Sharon E. Bone

Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

B

Boris Faybishenko

Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

J

John Sanders

Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California

C

Chunwei Chou

Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

A

Amanda Henderson

Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory

N

Nicholas J. Bouskill

Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

K

Kenneth H. Williams

Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

B

Benjamin Gilbert