De novo annotation reveals transcriptomic complexity across the hexaploid wheat pan-genome

B Benjamen White T Thomas Lux R Rachel Rusholme-Pilcher A Angéla Juhász G Gemy Kaithakottil S Susan Duncan J James Simmonds H Hannah Rees J Jonathan Wright J Joshua Colmer S Sabrina Ward R Ryan Joynson B Benedict Coombes N Naomi Irish S Suzanne Henderson T Tom Barker H Helen Chapman L Leah Catchpole K Karim Gharbi U Utpal Bose M Moeko Okada H Heidrun Gundlach D Daniel Lang G Guy Naamati E Erik J. Legg A Arvind K. Bharti M Michelle L. Colgrave W Wilfried Haerty C Cristobal Uauy D David Swarbreck P Philippa Borrill J Jesse A. Poland N Nils Stein K Klaus F. X. Mayer C Curtis Pozniak S Sean Walkowiak V Valentyna Klymiuk B Brook Byrns K Kirby Nilsen J Jennifer Ens K Krystalee Wiebe A Amidou N’Diaye P Pierre J. Hucl C Curtis J. Pozniak B Bin Xiao Fu L Liangliang Gao E Emily Delorean D Dal-Hoe Koo A Allen K. Fritz J Jesse Poland C Cecile Monat A Axel Himmelbach A Anne Fiebig S Sudharsan Padmarasu U Uwe Scholz M Martin Mascher G Georg Haberer M Mulualem T. Kassa P Pierre Fobert S Sateesh Kagale J Jemima Brinton R Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez M Michael Bevan N Neil McKenzie B Burkhard Steuernagel M Markus C. Kolodziej S Simon G. Krattinger B Beat Keller T Thomas Wicker D Dinushika Thambugala C Curt A. McCartney V Venkat Bandi J Jorge Nunez Siri C Carl Gutwin C Catharine Aquino M Masaomi Hatakeyama D Dario Copetti G Gwyneth Halstead-Nussloch T Timothy Paape R Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi K Kentaro K. Shimizu (Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich) T Tomohiro Ban K Kanako Kawaura T Toshiaki Tameshige H Hiroyuki Tsuji L Luca Venturini M Matthew Clark (Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California) B Bernardo Clavijo C Christine Fosker G Gonzalo Garcia Accinelli D Darren Heavens K Ksenia Krasileva K Keith A. Gardner N Nick Fradgley L Lawrence Percival-Alwyn J James Cockram J Juan Gutierrez-Gonzalez G Gary Muehlbauer C Chu Shin Koh A Andrew G. Sharpe J Jasline Deek A Alejandro C. Costamagna H Hiroyuki Kanamori F Fuminori Kobayashi T Tsuyoshi Tanaka J Jianzhong Wu H Hirokazu Handa T Tony Kuo (Roche Informatics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.) J Jun Sese K Kazuki Murata Y Yusuke Nabeka S Shuhei Nasuda P Philomin Juliana R Ravi Singh (Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 1 , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005,) H Hikmet Budak I Ian Small (Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia) J Joanna Melonek S Sylvie Cloutier G Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère J Josquin Tibbets E Erik Legg A Arvind Bharti P Peter Langridge K Ken Chalmers A Assaf Distelfeld M Manuel Spannagl A Anthony Hall

Abstract

Abstract Wheat is the most widely cultivated crop in the world, with over 215 million hectares grown annually. The 10+ Wheat Genomes Project recently sequenced and assembled to chromosome-level the genomes of nine wheat cultivars, uncovering genetic diversity and selection within the pan-genome of wheat. Here, we provide a wheat pan-transcriptome with de novo annotation and differential expression analysis for these wheat cultivars across multiple tissues. Using the de novo annotations we identify cultivar-specific genes and define the core and dispensable genomes. Expression analysis across cultivars and tissues reveals conservation in expression between a large core set of homeologous genes, in addition to widespread changes in subgenome homeolog expression bias between cultivars and cultivar-specific expression profiles. We utilise both the newly constructed gene-based wheat pan-genome and pan-transcriptome, demonstrating variation in the prolamin superfamily and immune-reactive proteins across cultivars.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 16, Issue 1
Published October 06, 2025
ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature Communications

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2041-1723 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (127)

B

Benjamen White

T

Thomas Lux

R

Rachel Rusholme-Pilcher

A

Angéla Juhász

G

Gemy Kaithakottil

S

Susan Duncan

J

James Simmonds

H

Hannah Rees

J

Jonathan Wright

J

Joshua Colmer

S

Sabrina Ward

R

Ryan Joynson

B

Benedict Coombes

N

Naomi Irish

S

Suzanne Henderson

T

Tom Barker

H

Helen Chapman

L

Leah Catchpole

K

Karim Gharbi

U

Utpal Bose

M

Moeko Okada

H

Heidrun Gundlach

D

Daniel Lang

G

Guy Naamati

E

Erik J. Legg

A

Arvind K. Bharti

M

Michelle L. Colgrave

W

Wilfried Haerty

C

Cristobal Uauy

D

David Swarbreck

P

Philippa Borrill

J

Jesse A. Poland

N

Nils Stein

K

Klaus F. X. Mayer

C

Curtis Pozniak

S

Sean Walkowiak

V

Valentyna Klymiuk

B

Brook Byrns

K

Kirby Nilsen

J

Jennifer Ens

K

Krystalee Wiebe

A

Amidou N’Diaye

P

Pierre J. Hucl

C

Curtis J. Pozniak

B

Bin Xiao Fu

L

Liangliang Gao

E

Emily Delorean

D

Dal-Hoe Koo

A

Allen K. Fritz

J

Jesse Poland

C

Cecile Monat

A

Axel Himmelbach

A

Anne Fiebig

S

Sudharsan Padmarasu

U

Uwe Scholz

M

Martin Mascher

G

Georg Haberer

M

Mulualem T. Kassa

P

Pierre Fobert

S

Sateesh Kagale

J

Jemima Brinton

R

Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez

M

Michael Bevan

N

Neil McKenzie

B

Burkhard Steuernagel

M

Markus C. Kolodziej

S

Simon G. Krattinger

B

Beat Keller

T

Thomas Wicker

D

Dinushika Thambugala

C

Curt A. McCartney

V

Venkat Bandi

J

Jorge Nunez Siri

C

Carl Gutwin

C

Catharine Aquino

M

Masaomi Hatakeyama

D

Dario Copetti

G

Gwyneth Halstead-Nussloch

T

Timothy Paape

R

Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi

K

Kentaro K. Shimizu

Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich

T

Tomohiro Ban

K

Kanako Kawaura

T

Toshiaki Tameshige

H

Hiroyuki Tsuji

L

Luca Venturini

M

Matthew Clark

Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California

B

Bernardo Clavijo

C

Christine Fosker

G

Gonzalo Garcia Accinelli

D

Darren Heavens

K

Ksenia Krasileva

K

Keith A. Gardner

N

Nick Fradgley

L

Lawrence Percival-Alwyn

J

James Cockram

J

Juan Gutierrez-Gonzalez

G

Gary Muehlbauer

C

Chu Shin Koh

A

Andrew G. Sharpe

J

Jasline Deek

A

Alejandro C. Costamagna

H

Hiroyuki Kanamori

F

Fuminori Kobayashi

T

Tsuyoshi Tanaka

J

Jianzhong Wu

H

Hirokazu Handa

T

Tony Kuo

Roche Informatics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

J

Jun Sese

K

Kazuki Murata

Y

Yusuke Nabeka

S

Shuhei Nasuda

P

Philomin Juliana

R

Ravi Singh

Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 1 , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005,

H

Hikmet Budak

I

Ian Small

Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia

J

Joanna Melonek

S

Sylvie Cloutier

G

Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère

J

Josquin Tibbets

E

Erik Legg

A

Arvind Bharti

P

Peter Langridge

K

Ken Chalmers

A

Assaf Distelfeld

M

Manuel Spannagl

A

Anthony Hall