D-amino acid aminotransferase1 regulates grain chalkiness in rice by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress response
Abstract
D-amino acids are key components of the bacterial cell wall and play important roles in neural communication and inflammatory responses in animals. However, knowledge about D-amino acid metabolism and physiological functions in plants is limited. Here, we isolated and characterized a rice D-amino acid aminotransferase1 , OsDAAT1 , which maternally regulates rice grain chalkiness through map-based cloning and a subsequent complementation test. We found that OsDAAT1 is highly expressed in the vascular tissue of rice nodes and is capable of interconverting different D-amino acids in vitro. Mutation of OsDAAT1 results in elevated D-alanine levels in stems, nodes, and developing grains. The disruption of D-amino acid metabolism subsequently leads to significantly altered peptide/protein isomerization, including some key enzymes involved in starch and protein biosynthesis. These changes trigger severe endoplasmic reticulum stress and ultimately leads to chalky grains. Furthermore, we identified OsDAAT1 Hap1 as a low-chalkiness haplotype, and historical frequency analysis suggests that OsDAAT1 may have undergone selection during rice domestication. Overall, our findings uncover a previously unrecognized role in D-amino acid metabolism in plants and facilitate the practical use of OsDAAT1 in grain appearance quality improvement in rice.
Article Details
Journal Info
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
National Academy of Sciences
Authors (30)
Hui Dong
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Jie Lei
Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Yunlu Tian
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, National Observation and Research Station of Rice Germplasm Resources, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Plant Genome Editing, Nanjing Agricultural University
Juan Liu
Hang Yang
Xiaokang Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University
Rushuang Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University
Yu Zhang
Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
Rongbo Chen
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University
Yiqun Bao
College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University
Feng Liu
Yulong Ren
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Yaping Lu
College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University
Xi Liu
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Shijia Liu
Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Xue Yang
Erchao Duan
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University
Xuan Teng
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University
Yunlong Wang
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment
Chuanwei Gu
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University
Yipeng Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University
Xiaoli Chen
Yunpeng Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University
Hongyi Xu
Rui Sha
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University
Xia Xu
Ruomeng Li
Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
Gongyu Li
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Science, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry
Yihua Wang
Jianmin Wan
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, National Observation and Research Station of Rice Germplasm Resources, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Plant Genome Editing, Nanjing Agricultural University