Cross-platform certification of the qubit space with a minimal number of parameters

Abstract

Abstract We demonstrate a determinant dimension witness of a qubit space. Our test has a minimal number of independent parameters. We achieve it by mapping the Bloch sphere $$\pi /2$$ -rotation axis angle on the non-planar so-called Viviani curve. We ran our test on different platforms: IBM Quantum, IQM Resonance, and IonQ. Our investigations show that numerous qubits, especially from the newest IBM Heron family devices, fail the test by more than ten standard deviations. The nature of those deviations has no simple explanation as the test is robust against common imperfections.