Co‐sustained Release Strategy of Nonflammable Gel Polymer Electrolytes Enables Long‐Life Sodium Metal Batteries

H Huiting Yang (Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China) Y Yanjin Chen (Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin China) W Wenyue Tian (Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin China) S Shaohui Yuan (Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China) P Pei Liu (Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering) Q Qinglun Wang (Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin China) T Ting Jin L Lifang Jiao (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center of High-efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry)

Abstract

Abstract Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) with gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are considered promising candidates for high energy‐density batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and cost effectiveness. However, the intrinsic flammability of GPE poses challenges for their widespread application. Inspired by the concept of the capsules, a triethyl phosphate (TEP)‐based GPE with co‐sustained release effect has been designed. This structure features an insoluble ethoxylated trimethylopropane triacrylate (ETPTA) polymer matrix combined with carbonate co‐solvents, effectively reducing the corrosion of TEP on sodium metal anodes while maintaining a continuous flame‐retardant effect. In this distinctive structure, the abundant carbonyl group on ETPTA promotes the uniform migration of sodium ions, whereas the carbonate co‐solvent facilitates the formation of a NaF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, effectively suppressing the growth of sodium dendrite. Low content of TEP guide the preferential orientation of the (100) crystal plane of sodium anode, enhancing the long‐term cycling stability. Na/GPE/Na cells can achieve stable cycling for over 1600 h, and the NVP/GPE/Na full cells exhibit 86.6% capacity retention after 4000 cycles. Moreover, the engineered GPE enables the operation of a 4.5 V high‐voltage cathode for 500 cycles. This strategy paves a new way for designing high‐safety GPE tailored for high‐performance SMBs.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 64, Issue 32
Published August 04, 2025
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (8)

H

Huiting Yang

Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

Y

Yanjin Chen

Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin China

W

Wenyue Tian

Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin China

S

Shaohui Yuan

Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

P

Pei Liu

Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering

Q

Qinglun Wang

Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin China

T

Ting Jin

L

Lifang Jiao

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center of High-efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry