Constructing Hydrogen Migration Channel from Atomic Clusters to Single Atom for Superior Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution with Ultralow Pt Loading

Z Zexing He (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Tianjin University Tianjin China) X Xiaokang Liu (State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences) M Minghui Zhang (Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) Y Yajun Wang (State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, ChemBioMed Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Chemistry) Z Zhen‐Feng Huang (Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry‐Education Platform for Energy Storage Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China) C Chengxiang Shi (Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry-Education Platform for Energy Storage) R Ruijie Gao (Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry-Education Platform for Energy Storage) L Lun Pan (Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry-Education Platform for Energy Storage) C Chong Peng W Wanliang Mi X Xiangwen Zhang (Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry-Education Platform for Energy Storage) J Jinlong Gong (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University) J Ji‐Jun Zou (Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry‐Education Platform for Energy Storage Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China)

Abstract

Abstract Developing highly active and durable cathode catalysts using minimal use of noble metal remains a grand challenge for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer. Herein we design a Pt‐based sub‐nanometric catalysts featuring coexisting single atoms and atomic clusters anchored on sulfur‐doped carbon. This dual‐active‐site architecture enables independent optimization of active hydrogen (H*) formation and subsequent recombination kinetics, thus breaking the limitation of Sabatier principle. Specially, by introducing a secondary transition metal such as Mn, the interfacial charge distribution and work function of Pt clusters is regulated, promoting both H* formation and migration. Meanwhile, the neighboring electron‐deficient Pt single atoms facilitate H* recombination kinetics. The catalyst with 3.6 wt% Pt loading achieves a recorded mass activity of 14.48 A mg −1 at 15 mV, exceeding commercial 40wt% Pt/C by 41‐fold. When integrated into an electrolyzer, the catalyst demonstrates exceptional activity and stability with only 10% Pt loading relative to commercial benchmark, representing a critical advancement toward practical green hydrogen production. Also, the direct evidences of H* formation, migration and recombination process are confirmed by operando experiments and theoretical calculations for the first time, which offers new concept for decoupling of HER reaction and rational design of catalysts.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 7
Published February 09, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (13)

Z

Zexing He

School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Tianjin University Tianjin China

X

Xiaokang Liu

State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences

M

Minghui Zhang

Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

Y

Yajun Wang

State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, ChemBioMed Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Chemistry

Z

Zhen‐Feng Huang

Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry‐Education Platform for Energy Storage Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China

C

Chengxiang Shi

Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry-Education Platform for Energy Storage

R

Ruijie Gao

Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry-Education Platform for Energy Storage

L

Lun Pan

Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry-Education Platform for Energy Storage

C

Chong Peng

W

Wanliang Mi

X

Xiangwen Zhang

Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry-Education Platform for Energy Storage

J

Jinlong Gong

School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University

J

Ji‐Jun Zou

Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Molecular Plus, National Industry‐Education Platform for Energy Storage Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China