Comprehensive genomic profiling of Black and non-Hispanic White (NHW) men with prostate cancer (PCa).

Abstract

5022 Background: Racial disparities are evident in PCa, with Black men experiencing a higher incidence and worse survival compared to NHW patients (pts). The molecular alterations that distinguish these groups remain incompletely characterized. Herein, we investigate the clinical-genomic features that potentially contribute to the differences in outcomes between Black and NHW pts with PCa. Methods: Comprehensive next-generation sequencing of DNA (592-gene panel/whole exome) and RNA (whole transcriptome) was performed at Caris Life Sciences on PCa tissue samples (n = 5,412), collected from 2015 to 2023. Transcriptomic signatures – Androgen Receptor (AR), Neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC) scores – were calculated. Real-world overall survival (OS) data was obtained from insurance claims and was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimation. Results: Overall, 1,078 pts with PCa identified as Black, while 4,334 were NHW. Black pts were younger at biopsy collection than NHW pts (median age 66 vs 71 years, P < 0.001). The proportion of metastatic samples was higher in Black pts compared to NHW pts (43% vs 38%, P < 0.01). The prevalence of castrated PCa specimens was similar between Black and NHW pts (26.0% vs 25.4%, P = 0.72). Among non-castrated PCa tumors, tumors from NHW pts had more frequent alterations in TP53 , PTEN , PIK3CA , and CHEK2 , while tumors from Black pts had more SPOP and CTNNB1 mutations. In the castrate setting, TP53 and PTEN alterations were more frequent in tissue samples from NHW pts, while CDK12 and SPOP mutations were more frequent in tumors from Black pts. TMPRSS2 fusions were more prevalent in the NHW cohort across both castrated and non-castrated tumors. Tumors from Black pts had higher FOLH1 / PSMA and STEAP1 expression, elevated AR scores, but lower CD276 / B7H3 expression and NEPC scores. In the overall cohort, Black pts demonstrated a shorter median OS from diagnosis compared to NHW pts (86 vs 94 mos, P = 0.03). Black pts had a significantly longer time on treatment with enzalutamide in both the non-castrate (HR 0.82, P= 0.04) and castrate subgroups (HR 0.77, P= 0.03). Among pts with homologous recombination repair (HRR) deficiency-harboring tumors, PARP inhibitors provided a numerically longer survival benefit in Black pts than in NHW pts (21 vs 13 mos, P = 0.09). Conclusions: This multi-institutional study reveals distinct molecular profiles between Black and NHW pts with PCa. Despite having molecular features associated with better prognosis, Black men demonstrated worse survival outcomes, pointing to multifaceted determinants of disease outcomes. Notably, Black pts had improved outcomes on enzalutamide and showed potential benefit from PARP inhibitors in the presence of HRR mutations. These findings highlight genomic differences in diverse PCa populations and suggest therapeutic opportunities to address outcome disparities.