Competition between glycine and GABA <sub>A</sub> receptors for gephyrin controls their equilibrium populations at inhibitory synapses

D Dorota Kostrz (Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University) S Stephanie A. Maynard (Cell Biology of the Synapse, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University) S Serena Camuso (Neurobicêtre, Inserm U1195, Université Paris-Saclay) C Clemens Schulte (Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany) F François Laurent (Decision and Bayesian Computation, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3751) J Jean-Baptiste Masson (Decision and Bayesian Computation, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3751) H Hans M. Maric (Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany) C Charlie Gosse (Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University) A Antoine Triller (Cell Biology of the Synapse, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University) T Terence R. Strick (Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University) C Christian G. Specht (Cell Biology of the Synapse, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University)

Abstract

Glycine receptors (GlyR) and γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABA A R) are ligand-gated chloride channels that mediate inhibitory neurotransmission throughout the central nervous system. The receptors colocalize widely at inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord and in the brainstem due to their interaction with an overlapping binding site of the synaptic scaffold protein gephyrin, pointing to a direct competition between the different receptor types. We have put this hypothesis to the test using single-molecule approaches to measure receptor–gephyrin interactions in cells and in vitro. We explored the effects of receptor competition at inhibitory synapses in living neurons by measuring the change in the accumulation and effective stabilization energy of glycine receptors in the presence of interfering GABA receptor complexes through single-molecule tracking and diffusion analysis. Second, using molecular tweezers, we quantified the thermodynamic properties of receptor–gephyrin binding, demonstrating direct and reversible competition through the addition of interacting peptides in solution. The relatively low affinity of GABA receptor subunits for gephyrin compared to the glycine receptor raises interesting questions about the role of this competition in synaptic plasticity. We hypothesize that GABA and glycine receptor competition constitutes a molecular system designed to reconcile synapse stability and plasticity at mixed inhibitory synapses.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 52
Published December 30, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (11)

D

Dorota Kostrz

Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University

S

Stephanie A. Maynard

Cell Biology of the Synapse, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University

S

Serena Camuso

Neurobicêtre, Inserm U1195, Université Paris-Saclay

C

Clemens Schulte

Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany

F

François Laurent

Decision and Bayesian Computation, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3751

J

Jean-Baptiste Masson

Decision and Bayesian Computation, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3751

H

Hans M. Maric

Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany

C

Charlie Gosse

Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University

A

Antoine Triller

Cell Biology of the Synapse, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University

T

Terence R. Strick

Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University

C

Christian G. Specht

Cell Biology of the Synapse, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), CNRS, Inserm, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University