Clonal hematopoiesis and lymphoma-associated mutations in hematopoietic progenitors in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

L Laura Wiegand (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) P Patricia Silva D Daniel Noerenberg (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) F Friederike Christen (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) K Klara Kopp (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) B Benjamin Nick Locher (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) P Pelle Löwe (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) M Marlon Tilgner (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) R Robert Altwasser V Vanessa Storzer (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) C Catarina Marlene Stein (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) F Franziska Briest (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) C Christopher Maximilian Arends (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) M Mareike Frick (Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin) J Jana Ihlow (2Institute of Pathology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany) A Anna Dolnik (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) N Naveed Ishaque U Ulrich Keller I Il-Kang Na L Livius Penter L Lars Bullinger R Raphael Hablesreiter (1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) F Frederik Damm (Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin)

Abstract

Abstract The contribution of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and disease-initiating precursors in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) remains underexplored. Such precursors may drive clonal evolution, contributing to disease progression and relapse. Here, we systematically profiled genetic precursor lesions in 43 patients with B-NHL using complementary whole-exome, targeted, and single-cell sequencing approaches. CH-associated mutations with a variant allele frequency of ≥1% were detected in the peripheral blood of 55% of patients, with significantly higher frequencies in indolent compared with aggressive B-NHL (P = .03). Quantification of allele burden in flow-sorted cell populations revealed a B-cell–skewed expansion of CH clones, contrasting the myeloid differentiation bias reported in individuals without hematologic malignancies. Gene-specific expansion patterns were evident among the most frequent CH lesions, with DNMT3A-mutant clones exhibiting impaired hematopoietic differentiation and TET2-mutant clones having multilineage propagation. Notably, identical CH clones were detected in 41% of corresponding lymphomas, displaying distinct clonal dynamics: tumor-promoting CH (expansion in B-NHL; 10/16 clones; mainly TP53) and tumor-infiltrating CH (no expansion; mainly DNMT3A). Moreover, we identified lymphoma-associated mutations in flow-sorted hematopoietic progenitors from patients with indolent but not aggressive B-NHL and observed a stepwise accumulation of mutations along the lymphoid differentiation path. Single-cell genotyping confirmed the presence of mutated progenitors in 3 follicular, 2 mantle cell, and 2 marginal zone lymphoma patients, providing direct evidence of a preneoplastic state in disease pathogenesis. Our findings offer novel insight into the cellular origin of nodal B-NHLs and highlight a previously underappreciated role for early clonal events involving the stem/progenitor cell compartment.

Article Details

Journal Blood
Volume / Issue Vol. 147, Issue 15
Published April 09, 2026
Pages 1723-1734
ISSN 0006-4971
Publisher Elsevier BV

Journal Info

Blood

Elsevier BV

ISSN: 0006-4971 Health Sciences

Authors (23)

L

Laura Wiegand

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

P

Patricia Silva

D

Daniel Noerenberg

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

F

Friederike Christen

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

K

Klara Kopp

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

B

Benjamin Nick Locher

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

P

Pelle Löwe

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

M

Marlon Tilgner

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

R

Robert Altwasser

V

Vanessa Storzer

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

C

Catarina Marlene Stein

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

F

Franziska Briest

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

C

Christopher Maximilian Arends

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

M

Mareike Frick

Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin

J

Jana Ihlow

2Institute of Pathology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

A

Anna Dolnik

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

N

Naveed Ishaque

U

Ulrich Keller

I

Il-Kang Na

L

Livius Penter

L

Lars Bullinger

R

Raphael Hablesreiter

1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

F

Frederik Damm

Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin