C─H Silylation of Unactivated Arenes Catalyzed by a Borenium/Pyridine Lewis Pair

Abstract

Abstract Non‐noble‐metal‐catalyzed C─H silylation of arenes provides a straightforward and sustainable method for the functionalization of arenes. However, to date, it has been limited to electron‐rich arenes. Here we report a Lewis pair, composed of a highly Lewis acidic borenium ion and a weak pyridine base, can catalyze C─H silylation of benzene and other unactivated arenes with H 2 SiAr F 2 (Ar F  = 2,4,6‐trifluorophenyl) as silylation reagent under neat conditions. Unlike most of its noble metal counterparts, this metal‐free system does not require stoichiometric sacrificial hydrogen acceptors. Additionally, this system can be applied for direct C─H silylation of polystyrene, opening a new avenue for the functionalization of polystyrene. Our mechanistic investigations revealed that the activation of H 2 SiAr F 2 by the Lewis pair leads to the formation of a pyridine‐coordinated silylium intermediate, which was isolated and characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies and theoretical calculations suggest that the C─H activation mediated by this silylium intermediate is likely the rate‐limiting step.