Carbonylolysis of waste polyesters into high-value organic acids

Abstract

Abstract Polyesters such as PET contribute substantially to global plastic waste, yet current recycling approaches are hindered by high energy demands, inefficient product separation, and limited valorization pathways. We report a one-pot “carbonylolysis” strategy that couples polyester depolymerization with in situ carbon-chain reconstruction, producing high-value C 3 + carboxylic acids under relatively mild conditions (170 °C, 2 MPa CO). Using a Rh–iodide catalyst, PET is quantitatively converted to terephthalic acid (99%) and propionic acid (96%). Mechanistic studies show that ethylene glycol released from PET hydrolysis undergoes iodide-assisted elimination followed by Rh-catalyzed carbonylation. The method applies broadly to diverse polyester wastes, including textiles and bio-based plastics. Life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis reveal substantial gains in energy efficiency, carbon footprint reduction, and wastewater minimization over conventional recycling routes. By integrating molecular-level reconstruction into polyester recycling, carbonylolysis establishes a sustainable blueprint for converting waste polyesters into high-value carboxylic acid.