Building better biochronology: New fossils and <sup>40</sup> Ar/ <sup>39</sup> Ar radioisotopic dates from Central Anatolia

A Andrew Tholt (Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California) O Okşan Başoğlu (Department of Anthropology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University) Y Yener Bektaş (Department of Archeology, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University) R Raymond Bernor (Department of Paleontology, Virginia Museum of Natural History) J Joshua P. Carlson (Human Evolution Research Center, University of California at Berkeley) Ömer Dağ (Kayseri Science Center) U Uğur Doğan (Department of Geography, Ankara University) A Ahmet Cem Erkman (Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Anthropology, Ahi Evran University) F Ferhat Kaya (Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu) N Nuretdin Kaymakçı (Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Üniversiteler Mahallesi) P Pınar Gözlük Kırmızıoğlu (Department of Anthropology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University) M Maud J. M. Meijers (Department of Earth Sciences, NAWI Graz Geocenter, University of Graz) Özge Kahya Parıldar (Department of Anthropology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University) C Cesur Pehlevan (Department of Philosophy, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University) E Emrah Şimşek (General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration) T Tim White (Human Evolution Research Center, University of California at Berkeley) P Paul Renne (Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California)

Abstract

Türkiye’s geographic position between Europe, Asia, and Africa gives it pivotal importance for understanding the local, interregional, and intercontinental dynamics of Neogene vertebrate evolution. Although rich in vertebrate fossil deposits spanning the Middle and Late Miocene, associated geochronology has been limited by the lack of available volcanic materials that allow radioisotopic dating and geochemical correlation. As a result, calibrating mammalian evolution has been largely restricted to the semicircular application of paleomagnetic inferences combined with temporally ill-constrained and geographically remote biochronological deductions. For example, fossils from three Greek localities and one Anatolian locality assigned to the primate genus Ouranopithecus lack datable samples, leaving its ages poorly constrained. Chronological calibration based on the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar results reported here demonstrates how a fauna-focused, precision geochronology can enhance a better understanding of evolving species lineages and the ecosystems they comprise.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 12
Published March 25, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (17)

A

Andrew Tholt

Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California

O

Okşan Başoğlu

Department of Anthropology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Y

Yener Bektaş

Department of Archeology, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University

R

Raymond Bernor

Department of Paleontology, Virginia Museum of Natural History

J

Joshua P. Carlson

Human Evolution Research Center, University of California at Berkeley

Ömer Dağ

Kayseri Science Center

U

Uğur Doğan

Department of Geography, Ankara University

A

Ahmet Cem Erkman

Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Anthropology, Ahi Evran University

F

Ferhat Kaya

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu

N

Nuretdin Kaymakçı

Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Üniversiteler Mahallesi

P

Pınar Gözlük Kırmızıoğlu

Department of Anthropology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

M

Maud J. M. Meijers

Department of Earth Sciences, NAWI Graz Geocenter, University of Graz

Özge Kahya Parıldar

Department of Anthropology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

C

Cesur Pehlevan

Department of Philosophy, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University

E

Emrah Şimşek

General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration

T

Tim White

Human Evolution Research Center, University of California at Berkeley

P

Paul Renne

Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California