Bridging Donor Ligands Enable an Ultrastable Graphite Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

B Bingyan Song (Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment & Z Energy Storage Center Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 211189 China) Z Zhifen Luo (Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment & Z Energy Storage Center Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 211189 China) X Xi Liu (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) Y Yi Peng (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University) J Jie Wang (State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China) F Feng Jiang (State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, JLU Region, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China) X Xin‐Bing Cheng (Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment & Z Energy Storage Center Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 211189 China) Y Yuping Wu (Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment & Z Energy Storage Center) J Jiarui He (Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment & Z Energy Storage Center Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 211189 China)

Abstract

Abstract Graphite is widely utilized as an anode material in lithium‐ion batteries due to its abundance, cost‐effectiveness, and excellent structural stability during lithium intercalation and deintercalation, which contribute to a long cycle life. However, graphite is not inherently suitable for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to the limited intercalation properties of sodium ions. To address this, we propose the concept of bridging‐donor‐ligands, which construct ligand channels and consistently expand the graphite interlayer spacing. Using sodium dicyandiamide (NaDCA) as a model ligand, we demonstrate the formation of abundant ligand channels facilitated by the versatile dicyanamide anion (DCA − ), significantly enhancing the structural robustness of ternary graphite intercalation compounds (t‐GICs). Hence, the graphite anode capacity retention is over 94% after 5000 cycles, with an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) exceeding 99.8% in SIBs. This mechanism is versatile and can be extended to other metal‐ion battery electrolytes.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 64, Issue 38
Published September 15, 2025
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (9)

B

Bingyan Song

Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment & Z Energy Storage Center Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 211189 China

Z

Zhifen Luo

Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment & Z Energy Storage Center Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 211189 China

X

Xi Liu

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

Y

Yi Peng

Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University

J

Jie Wang

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China

F

Feng Jiang

State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, JLU Region, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China

X

Xin‐Bing Cheng

Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment & Z Energy Storage Center Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 211189 China

Y

Yuping Wu

Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment & Z Energy Storage Center

J

Jiarui He

Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment & Z Energy Storage Center Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 211189 China