Bio‐Orthogonally Labeled Orbitals‐Hybridizing Nanozymes Induce Tissue‐Resident NK Cells for Enhanced Photo‐Immunologic Therapy of Biofilms and Preventing Secondary Infection

Y Yutian Su (State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University National Center for Respiratory Medicine Guangzhou 510120 P. R. China) F Fang Han (Division of Sleep Medicine, The Peking University People’s Hospital) H Huiming Chen (Interdisciplinary Eye Research Institute (EYE‐X Institute) Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical School of Pharmacy Bengbu Medical University Bengbu 233030 P. R. China) Y Yongming Li L Lan Sun (State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) L Lejin Liang (State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University National Center for Respiratory Medicine Guangzhou 510120 P. R. China) L Longzhen Lu (State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University National Center for Respiratory Medicine Guangzhou 510120 P. R. China) Y Yilei Hui (State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University National Center for Respiratory Medicine Guangzhou 510120 P. R. China) X Xiaotong Li (Department of Chemistry and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL)) B Baohong Sun (Interdisciplinary Eye Research Institute (EYE‐X Institute) Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical School of Pharmacy Bengbu Medical University Bengbu 233030 P. R. China) Z Zhengtu Li (State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University National Center for Respiratory Medicine Guangzhou 510120 P. R. China) F Feng Ye Y Youhui Lin

Abstract

Abstract Biofilm‐associated infections (BAIs) pose a serious threat to public health; in particular, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐rich biofilm microenvironment can weaken the immunological response of antimicrobial natural killer (NK) cells. Conventional phototherapy cannot consistently inhibit the escape of planktonic bacteria from BAIs, thereby enabling persistent and recurrent infections. In this study, a thymosin β4 bio‐orthogonally labeled NK (βNK) cytomembrane is proposed to decorate PtTe 2 nanozymes (βNK@PtTe 2 ) with hyperthermia and NK cells immune re‐rousing to eliminate BAIs at all stages. Te‐doped PtTe 2 exhibits outstanding ROS scavenging activity through an electron‐enriched catalytic center with strong p‐d orbital hybridization, and it generates a thermally driven force for disorganizing dense biofilm structures under laser irradiation. After biofilm elimination and ROS scavenging, the βNK cytomembrane in βNK@PtTe 2 selectively promotes chemotaxis and activates conventional NK (cNK) cells to kill planktonic bacteria that escape from biofilm disintegration at the infection site. In vivo, this therapeutic paradigm of immune microenvironment remodeling induces cNK cells to develop into long‐lived tissue‐resident NK (trNK) cells with an immunological memory against reinvading pathogens, thereby effectively preventing secondary infections. Overall, the as‐prepared βNK@PtTe 2 combined with NK cells provides a systematic photo‐immunologic strategy to inhibit recurrent biofilms and treat infectious diseases caused by such infections.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 38, Issue 6
Published January 01, 2026
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (13)

Y

Yutian Su

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University National Center for Respiratory Medicine Guangzhou 510120 P. R. China

F

Fang Han

Division of Sleep Medicine, The Peking University People’s Hospital

H

Huiming Chen

Interdisciplinary Eye Research Institute (EYE‐X Institute) Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical School of Pharmacy Bengbu Medical University Bengbu 233030 P. R. China

Y

Yongming Li

L

Lan Sun

State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

L

Lejin Liang

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University National Center for Respiratory Medicine Guangzhou 510120 P. R. China

L

Longzhen Lu

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University National Center for Respiratory Medicine Guangzhou 510120 P. R. China

Y

Yilei Hui

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University National Center for Respiratory Medicine Guangzhou 510120 P. R. China

X

Xiaotong Li

Department of Chemistry and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL)

B

Baohong Sun

Interdisciplinary Eye Research Institute (EYE‐X Institute) Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical School of Pharmacy Bengbu Medical University Bengbu 233030 P. R. China

Z

Zhengtu Li

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University National Center for Respiratory Medicine Guangzhou 510120 P. R. China

F

Feng Ye

Y

Youhui Lin