Bioinspired Immunomodulatory Scaffold Based on Mineralized Lotus Stalks Laden with MnCO Microspheres for Accelerated Bone Regeneration
Abstract
Abstract Bone regeneration remains a significant clinical challenge due to the complexity of the bone healing process and the need for biomaterials that provide both structural support and immunomodulatory functions. Here, a bioinspired immunomodulatory scaffold is developed, composed of mineralized decellularized lotus stalks (MDL) integrated with manganese carbonyl (MnCO)‐loaded mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) microspheres (MM@MDL3). This scaffold mimics the hierarchical architecture of natural bone while offering controlled CO and Mn 2+ release, promoting M2 macrophage polarization, reducing inflammation, and enhancing osteogenesis. In vitro studies demonstrate that MM@MDL3 effectively promotes mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation by activating the BMP2/SMAD/RUNX2 pathway. In vivo rat calvarial defect models confirm significant bone regeneration, with increased bone volume, enhanced vascularization, and reduced osteoclastogenesis. These results demonstrate MM@MDL3 as a promising strategy for large‐segment bone defect repair by integrating a biomimetic structure with immunomodulatory and osteogenic properties. The proposed scaffold has great potential for treating clinical large‐segment bone defects.
Article Details
Authors (10)
Jianqiu Yang
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease the Second Affiliated Hospital Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330006 China
Lei Du
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology
Hui Du
State Key Laboratory of Synergistic Chem-Bio Synthesis, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Technologies for Diagnosis and Therapy (NERC-AMRT), National Center for Translational Medicine
Ganghua Yang
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease the Second Affiliated Hospital Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330006 China
Weicong Fu
Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated Jinhua Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Jinhua 321000 China
Liang Zhai
Zhuoyuan Yang
The Second Clinical Medical College Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330006 China
Shixuan Chen
Qining Yang
Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated Jinhua Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Jinhua 321000 China
Wenbing Wan
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease the Second Affiliated Hospital Jiangxi Medical College Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330006 China