Biliverdin reductase A is a major determinant of protective NRF2 signaling

C Chirag Vasavda (The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) R Ruchita Kothari (The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) N Navneet Ammal Kaidery (Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina) S Suwarna Chakraborty (Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) S Sunil Jamuna Tripathi (Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) R Ryan S. Dhindsa C Cristina Ricco (The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) S Shruthi Shanmukha (The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) S Samaneh Saberi (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina) J Julia E. Lefler (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina) P Priyanka Kothari (Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) K Kalyani Chaubey (Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University) A Adele M. Snowman (The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) M Michael C. Ostrowski (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina) E Eugenio Barone (Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome) L Lakshminarayan M. Iyer (Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, NIH) L L. Aravind S Sudarshana M. Sharma (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina) A Andrew A. Pieper (Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University) B Bobby Thomas (Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina) S Solomon H. Snyder (Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) B Bindu D. Paul (Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

Abstract

Biliverdin reductase A (BVRA), the terminal enzyme in heme catabolism, generates the neuroprotective and lipophilic antioxidant bilirubin. Here, we identify a nonenzymatic role for BVRA in redox regulation. Through phylogenetic, genetic, biochemical, and enzymatic assays, we found that BVRA exerts critical nonenzymatic antioxidant activity. Transcriptomic analyses further revealed that BVRA physically and genetically interacts with nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor-like 2 (NRF2), a major transcriptional regulator of cellular redox signaling. ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses reveal that BVRA and NRF2 coordinate the expression of antioxidant genes, many of which are typically dysregulated in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, this noncanonical BVRA–NRF2 axis controls an essential pathway of redox signaling in neuroprotection. Our findings position BVRA as a dual-function integrator of antioxidant defense across both lipophilic and hydrophilic compartments, bridging these two distinct modes of redox protection in the brain.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 40
Published October 07, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (22)

C

Chirag Vasavda

The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

R

Ruchita Kothari

The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

N

Navneet Ammal Kaidery

Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina

S

Suwarna Chakraborty

Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

S

Sunil Jamuna Tripathi

Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

R

Ryan S. Dhindsa

C

Cristina Ricco

The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

S

Shruthi Shanmukha

The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

S

Samaneh Saberi

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina

J

Julia E. Lefler

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina

P

Priyanka Kothari

Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

K

Kalyani Chaubey

Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University

A

Adele M. Snowman

The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

M

Michael C. Ostrowski

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina

E

Eugenio Barone

Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome

L

Lakshminarayan M. Iyer

Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, NIH

L

L. Aravind

S

Sudarshana M. Sharma

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina

A

Andrew A. Pieper

Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University

B

Bobby Thomas

Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina

S

Solomon H. Snyder

Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

B

Bindu D. Paul

Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine