Baseline Liquid Biopsy in Relation to Tissue-Based Parameters in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results From the Randomized FIRE-4 (AIO-KRK-0114) Study

Abstract

PURPOSE The FIRE-4 study randomly assigned patients with first-line RAS wild-type ( RAS wt) metastatic colorectal cancer to either flourouracil (FU), folinic acid, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) plus cetuximab until progression or intolerable toxicity (standard arm) or to FOLFIRI plus cetuximab followed by a switch maintenance treatment using FU plus bevacizumab (experimental arm). Here, we investigate the relevance of liquid biopsy (LB) RAS and BRAF testing compared with tissue-based analyses. PATIENTS AND METHODS LBs were taken at baseline and during treatment and were analyzed for RAS and BRAF V600E mutations using the in vitro diagnostics–certified ONCOBEAM RAS procedure (Sysmex Inostics) and digital-droplet polymerase chain reaction technology. RESULTS Six hundred seventy-two RAS wt patients were randomly assigned. LBs of 540 patients were evaluable at baseline. Of those, 70 (13%) were RAS mutant ( RAS mut) and 38 (7%) BRAF V600E mutant. RAS mut patients had significantly shorter survival compared with RAS wt patients (progression-free survival [PFS], 9.0 months v 11.5 months; P < .001; hazard ratio [HR], 1.66; overall survival [OS], 22.1 months v 33.6 months; P < .001; HR, 1.85). RAS mut patients had a numerically greater benefit from early switch maintenance compared with continuation of FOLFIRI/cetuximab (PFS, 10.1 months v 6.4 months; HR, 0.82; OS, 24.9 months v 16.3 months; HR, 0.57). Patients with a BRAF V600E mutation in LB showed poor outcome (PFS, 5.4 months; OS, 12.0 months). On the basis of serial LB analyses, the conversion rate from RAS wt to RAS mut at disease progression was significantly higher in the arm with continuous cetuximab administration than in the switch maintenance arm. CONCLUSION LB allows the detection of RAS and BRAF mutations in patients deemed RAS wt on the basis of tissue analyses. These patients show outcome characteristics expected for RAS - and BRAF -mutant patients in tissue. The study thus confirms the high clinical relevance of LB performed at baseline before the start of therapy.