Automatic Fault Detection and Isolation System for Electrical Power Grids

Abstract

The Automatic Fault Detection and Isolation System for Electrical Grids increase the reliability and efficiency of modern power distribution networks. Real-time fault detection using sensors and microcontrollers in the proposed system helps to identify faults such as short circuits, over current, and voltage abnormalities. Then, it isolates the section containing the fault through circuit breakers or relays to ensure a continuous power supply to the rest of the network. The proposed system incorporates several hardware and software components: current sensors, voltage sensors, microcontrollers such as Arduino or ESP32, and the software algorithms that it runs to monitor grid parameters continuously. Real-time data acquisition will enable the system to interpret the fault conditions correctly and act accordingly without any human interference. A user interface is also provided to display the status of the system and fault alerts for quick response by grid operators. It minimises fault detection and response time, which in turn reduces equipment damage, power losses, and downtime. It ensures operational safety, thereby improving load management and supporting grid resilience. Besides, it contributes to efficient maintenance and long-term grid sustainability.