Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to albumin ratio with all-cause and cardiac death in coronary heart disease individuals: A retrospective NHANES study

Abstract

Background This research aimed to explore the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) with death events in community-based patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods 624 CHD participants were followed for 36 months using data from the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The CAR was dichotomized at 0.075 mg/g to stratify inflammation levels. Relationships between CAR, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), albumin (ALB) and all-cause and cardiac death in all participants and subgroups were analyzed using restricted cubic spline (RCS), Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models. Results Both CAR and hsCRP showed positive correlations with all-cause and cardiac death risk while ALB exhibited a U-shaped correlation with all-cause death risk but a negative correlation with cardiac death risk. The high-CAR group had higher risks of all-cause (P = 0.04) and cardiac death (P = 0.02). The hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) for all-cause death was 1.77 (1.15–2.74) (P = 0.010), while it was 2.99 (1.44–6.22) (P = 0.003) for cardiac death. No significant interaction was observed in subgroup analyses. Conclusions A CAR threshold of 0.075 mg/g effectively distinguished between high and low inflammation risks. Elevated CAR significantly increased the risk of all-cause and cardiac death in community CHD patients.