Aqua‐Oxidation of Polyethylene Into Carboxylic Acids Under Mild Conditions: A Catalyst‐Free Upcycling Strategy for Nonpolar Plastics

Y Yinlong Chang (State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China) W Weiqiang Gao (State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China) S Sen Wang (State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion) B Bangban Zhu (State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China) K Kexuan Zhao (School of physical science and technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China) J Jijiang Hu (State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China) K Khak Ho Lim (Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang China) P Pingwei Liu W Wen‐Jun Wang (State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China) B Bo‐Geng Li (State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China) Q Qingyue Wang

Abstract

ABSTRACT Noncatalytic polyolefin upcycling offers distinct advantages in eliminating catalyst costs and enhancing operational stability, yet it remains highly challenging under mild conditions. Herein, we develop an aqua‐oxidation strategy that converts polyethylene into carboxylic acids at 160°C without using any catalysts or organic solvents. The mass yield of carboxylic acid is up to 97.8 wt%, of which 72.1% is comprised by C 4 –C 10 dicarboxylic acids. The roles of H 2 O and O 2 play in aqua‐oxidation were further investigated in an in situ liquid‐phase spectroscopic reactor filled with isotope‐labeled D 2 O. It reveals that O 2 governs the effective initiation and oxidation of polyethylene. Whereas H 2 O serves as a key medium to intensify oxygen–polyethylene interaction uniformly and inhibit localized oxidation, promoting selective upcycling to narrow‐distributed acids. Moreover, this strategy allows for upcycling diverse commercial polyolefins with additives. This study presents a breakthrough in the noncatalytic upcycling of polyolefins under mild conditions and demonstrates the potential of this eco‐friendly and streamlined strategy for advancing plastic circularity.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 12
Published March 16, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (11)

Y

Yinlong Chang

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China

W

Weiqiang Gao

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China

S

Sen Wang

State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion

B

Bangban Zhu

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China

K

Kexuan Zhao

School of physical science and technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China

J

Jijiang Hu

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China

K

Khak Ho Lim

Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang China

P

Pingwei Liu

W

Wen‐Jun Wang

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China

B

Bo‐Geng Li

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China

Q

Qingyue Wang