Applications of newly defined diamond Pythagorean fuzzy CODAS method via multi-criteria decision-making problems

Abstract

The diverse decision values may fail to capture an accurate perspective when multiple decision-makers are part of the process. To address this challenge, this work introduces the diamond Pythagorean fuzzy set (Dia‑ PyFS ), an advancement over both the Pythagorean fuzzy ( PyFS ) set and the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy set ( IVPyFS ). Due to the established extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets into Pythagorean fuzzy sets, the Dia‑ PyFS model, a broader form of the diamond intuitionistic fuzzy set model, demonstrates enhanced performance. We then introduce the Dia‑ PyFS as an extension of PyFS . The Diamond Pythagorean fuzzy values that define the elements within Dia‑ PyFS may share a common norm. For Dia‑ PyFS , we define fundamental algebraic and arithmetic operations, including union, intersection, addition, multiplication, and scalar multiplication, and analyze their primary properties. Additionally, we propose some new Dia‑ PyF weighted average and geometric aggregation operators as well as explore their unique properties. We also then propose several algebraic operations between Dia‑ PyFVs using general triangular 𝓉 -norms and 𝓉 -conorms. To transform input values represented by Dia‑ PyFs into a single output value, we also introduce specific weighted aggregation operators based on these algebraic methods. Additionally, the Dia‑ PyFS framework builds upon the “combinative distance-based assess” ( CODAS ) methodology, which relies on both Euclidean and Hamming distances. To illustrate the applicability of this new approach, the feasibility and suitability of the Dia‑ PyFS set approach for choosing the best options are demonstrated by the summary and comparative analysis of the produced reports.