Applications of IoT in Smart City Water Management Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in urban water management represents a revolutionary approach to addressing the growing challenges of water scarcity, quality monitoring, and distribution efficiency. This comprehensive review examines the current state of IoT applications in smart city water management systems, highlighting technological advancements, implementation frameworks, and case studies from around the world. The paper analyzes various IoT-enabled solutions for water quality monitoring, leak detection, consumption analysis, flood management, and infrastructure maintenance. Furthermore, it discusses key challenges including cyber security concerns, interoperability issues, and deployment costs, while outlining emerging trends and future research directions. This review aims to provide water utilities, urban planners, policymakers, and researchers with a holistic understanding of how IoT technologies are transforming urban water management toward more sustainable, efficient, and resilient systems.