Analysis of trends in race and gender disparities in the incidence of osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma from 2000 to 2021.

Abstract

e23516 Background: The incidence of osteosarcoma is 4 - 5.4 per 1 million people, leiomyosarcoma is 6 per 1 million people, and Ewing sarcoma is 1 per 1 million people in the United States. Osteosarcoma has a predilection for male gender and has been shown to have a higher incidence in African Americans. Notably, African American women have an incidence twice as high as that of Caucasian women. In contrast, Ewing sarcoma predominantly occurs in Caucasians and has a predilection to male gender. This study compares the trend in change of incidence rates of these three disease entities. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database was queried to conduct a nation-wide analysis for the years 2000 to 2021. Incidence-based rates for all stages of osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma were queried and the results were grouped by race (Caucasian/White vs. African American/Black vs. Asian/Pacific islander) and gender. All stages and ages were included in the analysis and rates from 2000 to 2021 were analyzed. Results: Trends in incidence rates (per 1000,000) for osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma for both genders and races are shown in the table below. There has been an increase in the incidence of osteosarcoma among Asian/Pacific islander males, while a decrease has been observed among females. African American females have shown a rise in incidence of leiomyosarcoma, whereas a significant drop has been noted in African American males. The incidence rates of osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma have declined in both genders among Caucasians. Changes noted to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) between the genders and races are marked in the table. Conclusions: This study highlights a concerning increase in the incidence of osteosarcoma in Asian/Pacific Islander males over the past two decades, which may warrant closer examination in this population. The rise in incidence in leiomyosarcoma in African American women also requires a closer examination of their risk factors. The overall decrease in incidence of osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma in Caucasians is an interesting trend, the etiology of which remains unclear. Understanding this phenomenon may help reduce the incidence in other races and genders by identifying factors that contribute to the observed trends. Caucasian African-American Asian/Pacific Islander Male Female Male Female Male Female Osteosarcoma -0.15 -0.4 -0.57 -0.54 0.94 -0.33 Leiomyosarcoma -0.88 -0.54 -2.14 0.74 0.08 -0.40 Ewing’s Sarcoma -0.38 -0.45 -2.10 0.1 -0.38 -0.21