An Artificial Molecular Pump Powered by Light

F Federico Nicoli (Alma Mater Studiorum─Università di Bologna , , Via Gobetti 85 , ,) C Chiara Taticchi (Alma Mater Studiorum─Università di Bologna , , Via Gobetti 85 , ,) S Stefano Corra (CLAN‐Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna and National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Bologna Italy) M Marina Tranfić Bakić (CLAN‐Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna and National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Bologna Italy) M Massimo Baroncini (Center for Light Activated Nanomaterials (CLAN) , via Gobetti 101 , ,) S Serena Silvi (CLAN‐Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ Università di Bologna and National Research Council of Italy Bologna Italy) J Jessica Groppi (CLAN‐Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ Università di Bologna and National Research Council of Italy Bologna Italy) A Alberto Credi (Alma Mater Studiorum─Università di Bologna , , Via Gobetti 85 , ,)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Replicating the ability of biological systems to convert energy into directional molecular motion to perform functions is a central challenge in nanoscience. Artificial molecular pumps that can move substrates energetically uphill remain elusive, particularly when powered by light in an autonomous fashion. We report a molecular pump that uses light to actively transfer macrocycles from solution into a high‐energy intramolecular compartment. The system operates via a photon‐driven energy ratchet mechanism, sustaining a non‐equilibrium distribution of species under continuous irradiation. All relevant kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined, and a comprehensive mechanistic model was developed. This minimalistic and robust design establishes a foundation for fully synthetic light‐controlled non‐equilibrium systems with potential applications in adaptive materials and solar energy conversion.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 23
Published June 01, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (8)

F

Federico Nicoli

Alma Mater Studiorum─Università di Bologna , , Via Gobetti 85 , ,

C

Chiara Taticchi

Alma Mater Studiorum─Università di Bologna , , Via Gobetti 85 , ,

S

Stefano Corra

CLAN‐Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna and National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Bologna Italy

M

Marina Tranfić Bakić

CLAN‐Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna and National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Bologna Italy

M

Massimo Baroncini

Center for Light Activated Nanomaterials (CLAN) , via Gobetti 101 , ,

S

Serena Silvi

CLAN‐Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ Università di Bologna and National Research Council of Italy Bologna Italy

J

Jessica Groppi

CLAN‐Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ Università di Bologna and National Research Council of Italy Bologna Italy

A

Alberto Credi

Alma Mater Studiorum─Università di Bologna , , Via Gobetti 85 , ,