Ameliorative potentials of Methylcobalamin Vit B12 against teratogenic effects induced by lead in chick embryo

Abstract

Abstract Lead (Pb) is a widespread environmental toxicant and potent teratogen known to disrupt embryonic development in various animal models. Methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12), a biologically active form of B12, is reported to exhibit antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. This study aimed to assess the teratogenic effects of lead on chick embryos and evaluate the protective role of methylcobalamin. A total of 200 fertilized golden black chick eggs were randomly divided into four groups: control, lead acetate, methylcobalamin, and lead acetate + methylcobalamin. Eggs were treated on day 0 of incubation and maintained for 14 days. Morphological and morphometric parameters were recorded and statistically analyzed post-incubation. Embryos exposed to lead showed significant growth retardation, reduced body weight and crown–rump length, and multiple morphological anomalies, including microcephaly, limb deformities, and exophthalmos. Co-administration of methylcobalamin markedly reduced the severity of these anomalies and improved growth parameters, indicating a protective effect. The findings demonstrate that lead exposure induces notable teratogenic effects in chick embryos and that methylcobalamin effectively ameliorates these developmental abnormalities. This study supports the potential application of methylcobalamin as a protective agent against heavy metal-induced embryo toxicity in avian models.