AI-derived therapeutic development of a serotonin receptor–targeting drug for the treatment of opioid use disorder

V Valeria Lallai (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California) S Samuel Kho (GATC Health) A A. C. Martin (GATC Health) J James P. Fowler (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California) M Madison L. Roach (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California) K Kevin Wang (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California) K Kendyl N. Laumann (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California) T Tyler G. Morrison (Department of Psychology, California State University) M Mina Palaniappan (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California) M Malia Bautista (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California) A Allison S. Mogul (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California) J Jinjutha E. Cheepluesak (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California) B Bijay Shrestha (GATC Health) D Dhanaji M. Lade (GATC Health) J Julia E. Lagomarsino (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California) V Vaishnavi Narayan (GATC Health) J Jayson Uffens (GATC Health) W Waldemar Lernhardt (GATC Health) S Saman Mirzaei (GATC Health) I Ian Jenkins (GATC Health) A Arturo R. Zavala (Department of Psychology, California State University) J Jonathan R. T. Lakey (GATC Health) R Robert Tinder (GATC Health) C Christie D. Fowler (Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California)

Abstract

The opioid epidemic has led to a devastating loss of life nationwide. Of those dependent on opioids, many individuals desire to quit or reduce use, but their efforts are often unsuccessful given the powerful reinforcing properties associated with opioid drugs, including fentanyl. Here, we developed a therapeutic drug based on an AI-based platform, which was rationally designed to identify markers of dysregulation from human drug user postmortem brain tissue. Two top candidate compounds, GATC-021 and GATC-1021, were synthesized and validated with in vitro screening for target specificity. Thereafter, the drug candidates were examined for their effectiveness in modulating opioid reinforcement and intake. GATC-1021 emerged as the most efficacious compound as it significantly decreased fentanyl intake in both male and female rats, without any notable side effects. GATC-1021 was further found to modulate gene expression patterns in addiction-relevant brain regions following fentanyl-induced alterations. These findings validate GATC’s AI-based platform with its polypharmacy-focused drug development approach and further support the clinical potential of GATC-1021 as a promising therapeutic for those suffering from opioid use disorder.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 15
Published April 14, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (24)

V

Valeria Lallai

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California

S

Samuel Kho

GATC Health

A

A. C. Martin

GATC Health

J

James P. Fowler

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California

M

Madison L. Roach

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California

K

Kevin Wang

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California

K

Kendyl N. Laumann

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California

T

Tyler G. Morrison

Department of Psychology, California State University

M

Mina Palaniappan

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California

M

Malia Bautista

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California

A

Allison S. Mogul

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California

J

Jinjutha E. Cheepluesak

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California

B

Bijay Shrestha

GATC Health

D

Dhanaji M. Lade

GATC Health

J

Julia E. Lagomarsino

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California

V

Vaishnavi Narayan

GATC Health

J

Jayson Uffens

GATC Health

W

Waldemar Lernhardt

GATC Health

S

Saman Mirzaei

GATC Health

I

Ian Jenkins

GATC Health

A

Arturo R. Zavala

Department of Psychology, California State University

J

Jonathan R. T. Lakey

GATC Health

R

Robert Tinder

GATC Health

C

Christie D. Fowler

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California