Advanced analysis of nonlinear stability of two horizontal interfaces separating three-stratified non-Newtonian liquids

Abstract

Abstract The nonlinear stability of two horizontal interfaces of three-layered stratified non-Newtonian fluids plays a pivotal role in advanced engineering applications. This phenomenon encompasses temperature management systems, microfluidic devices, and precise coating technologies. In an existing study, a multilayer system is considered wherein a central Casson liquid (CL) layer is bounded above and below by Powell–Eyring liquids (PELs). The impact of a uniform tangential electric field (EF) and surface tension is explored within a porous medium. To avoid the mathematical complexity, the viscous potential flow (VPF) is used to simplify the governing hydrodynamic formulations. The model involves Navier–Stokes and Maxwell equations under the quasi-static assumption. To obtain a nonlinear formulation, the linearized regulator equations are derived subject to appropriate nonlinear boundary conditions. The plan interfaces are presumed to propagate horizontally. To handle the nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) arising from the analysis, He’s frequency formula (HFF) is applied, transforming the problem into linear forms suitable for a non-perturbative approach (NPA). A non-dimensional analysis introduces key dimensionless collections, which help to characterize underlying fluid behavior and reduce system intricacy. A brief methodological summary of NPA is included to support reproducibility and clarity. The numerical calculations indicate that the stability can be evidently improved by the orientation of the tangential EF in relation to the horizontal wavenumber. PolarPlots are employed to imagine the influence of varying parameters, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms of the governing interfacial stability.