Accessing Metal‐Containing Species in Tin–Lead Perovskite Precursor Solutions via Molecular Strategies Guided by the Hard–Soft Acid–Base Principle
Abstract
AbstractThe properties of metal‐centred species in metal halide perovskite precursor solutions substantially influence the formation and evolution of colloidal particles, which in turn dictate the crystallisation process and the film quality. In this work, we assess the “hard” and “soft” Lewis acid characteristics of Sn2+ and Pb2+ cations as a strategy to modulate the chemical environment of these metal‐containing species in mixed‐metal tin–lead perovskite precursor solutions. We observe enhanced simultaneous access to both metal centres upon adding compounds with functional groups suggested by the hard–soft acid–base principle. Theoretical calculations suggest that the hard base carboxyl group preferentially interacts with Sn2+‐based species, while the softer base thiol group also targets Pb2+‐based species. By effectively accessing and manipulating possible classes of inorganic species and their colloidal particle properties in the precursor solutions, we achieve 1.26 eV perovskite polycrystalline films exhibiting enhanced structural and optoelectronic quality, giving the best quasi‐Fermi level splitting values of up to 0.95 eV. As a result, the solar cell devices demonstrate efficiency values of up to 23.3% with an extended operational lifetime, retaining 80% of their initial efficiency after over 280 and 180 h of maximum power point tracking under simulated AM1.5G illumination at 25 and 65 °C, respectively.
Article Details
Authors (25)
Shuaifeng Hu
Xinru Sun
Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P.R. China
Wentao Liu
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science
Luca Gregori
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 Perugia 06123 Italy
Pei Zhao
Institute for Molecular Science, 38, NishigoNaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki-shi, Aichi 444-8601, Japan
Jorge Pascual
Instituto de Tecnología Química Universitat Politècnica València‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. dels Tarongers València Spain
André Dallmann
Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Institut für Chemie, AG NMR Germany
Akash Dasgupta
Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K.
Fengjiu Yang
Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
Guixiang Li
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Mahmoud Aldamasy
Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Berlin Germany
Silver‐Hamill Turren‐Cruz
Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de los Materiales (ICMUV) Universitat de València Paterna Spain
Marion A. Flatken
Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
Sheng Fu
Yasuko Iwasaki
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
Richard Murdey
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
Armin Hoell
Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Berlin Germany
Susan Schorr
Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Berlin Germany
Steve Albrecht
Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
Shangfeng Yang
Antonio Abate
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
Atsushi Wakamiya
Institute for Chemical Research
Filippo De Angelis
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and INSTM
Meng Li
Henry J. Snaith