Acceptance of semi-automated likelihood ratio systems for pattern evidence among chinese forensic and legal professionals

Abstract

Abstract Traditional methods of pattern evidence evaluation in forensic science have long relied on subjective expert judgment, raising concerns about transparency, validity, and reliability. In response, the international forensic community has increasingly advocated the use of the likelihood ratio (LR) framework to provide a more scientific approach to evidence evaluation. Semi-automated LR systems have emerged as essential tools to operationalize this framework in practice. However, the successful adoption of these systems ultimately depends on practitioners’ willingness to integrate them into their work. This study applied the Technology Acceptance Model to investigate the factors influencing Chinese forensic practitioners’ acceptance of semi-automated LR systems. Data from 236 valid responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling. This study takes perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as the core variables. The results reveal that practitioners attach more importance to a system’s practical value than to its operability. They prioritize system accuracy and transparency over ease of use. Perceived usefulness exerts an indirect effect on behavioral intention via users’ attitude toward the system, rather than a direct one. In addition, profession exerted a significant moderating effect on three paths in the model.