Abstract 4368975: Cardiorenal Protective Effects of Exercise in a Model of Diabetes and Nicotine

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and smoking, nicotine exposure, are prominent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The interaction of these factors can potentiate vascular damage, while physical training (PT) is recommended for CVD prevention. Objective: To evaluate the effects of moderate PT on hemodynamic parameters, oxidative stress profile and cardiorenal risk markers in DM animals exposed to nicotine. Method: Wistar male rats weighing between 250-350 g were divided into groups: Citrate (CT): healthy control animals receiving citrate buffer; Nicotine (NIC): animals exposed to nicotine (0.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, 28 days; Type 1 Diabetes (DM): animals receiving streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.v., caudal vein, single dose); DM+NIC: DM animals exposed to nicotine (as described); DM+NIC+PT: DM + NIC animals submitted to moderate intensity PT, (swimming; 3 times a week, once a day, 50 minutes). Renal function, redox profile and body and renal hemodynamics were evaluated. Hemodynamic parameters (mean arterial pressure - MAP, renal vascular resistance - RVR, renal blood flow - RBF), redox profile (thiols, lipid and urinary peroxidation), and renal function/cardiorenal risk markers (serum creatinine, inulin clearance, microalbuminuria) were assessed. Results: DM and NIC groups showed increased MAP and RVR, with reduced RBF. Exacerbated alterations in these parameters were observde in the DM+NIC group. PT significantly attenuated these adverse hemodynamic changes (DM+NIC+PT vs. DM+NIC). Increased oxidative stress (reduced thiols, increased lipid/urinary peroxidation) was observed in the DM, NIC, and especially DM+NIC groups. PT improved the redox balance in the trained groups (DM+NIC+PT vs. DM+NIC). Microalbuminuria, a cardiorenal risk marker, increased in the DM, NIC, and DM+NIC groups but was significantly attenuated by PT in the DM+NIC+PT group. Conclusion: Moderate physical training demonstrated significant cardioprotective effects in this experimental model, mitigating adverse hemodynamic changes, oxidative stress, and cardiorenal risk, assessed by microalbuminuria, induced by the combination of diabetes and nicotine exposure.