Abstract 4366738: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Provides Better Long-Term Outcomes Compared To Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Heart Failure with Ejection Fraction <35%: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Propensity-Score Matched Studies

Abstract

Background: The comparable long-term benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with multivessel disease remains limited in underrepresented populations, particularly in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and heart failure with severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF <35%). Research Question: Among patients with HF and LVEF < 35% which revascularization strategy (CABG or PCI) provides superior long-term clinical outcomes? Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies involving patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), HF and LVEF < 35% undergoing PCI or CABG with a minimum follow-up duration of five years. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies published up to April 15, 2025. We computed hazard ratios (HR) from propensity score matched results. We used Cochrane Review Manager version 9.2.1 for statistical analysis. The primary endpoints of interest included all-cause mortality at 5 to 10 years, repeat revascularization, and all-cause mortality at 10 or more years. Results: We included 8 studies with 12,697 patients (6,187 PCI vs 6,510 CABG). Median follow-up duration ranged from 3.8 to 5.2 years, with the longest reported follow-up up to 13 years. The cumulative, propensity adjusted, incidence of all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the CABG group compared to PCI in 5 to 10 years of follow-up (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.54-0.69; p<0.001) and ≥ 10 years (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.53-0.74; p<0.001). Additionally, CABG was associated with a reduced need for repeat revascularization in the 5 to 10 year time frame, with a HR of 0.42 (95% CI 0.22-0.81; p=0.01). Conclusion: In this systematic review and meta-analysis of patients with IHD and an ejection fraction ≤ 35% undergoing revascularization, CABG was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality at ≥ 5 and ≥ 10 years of follow-up, as compared to PCI.