Abstract 4366513: Therapeutic Precision vs. Cardiac Risk: A Meta-Analytic Review of Osimertinib in NSCLC

Abstract

Introduction: Targeted therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment by focusing on specific oncogenic drivers. Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR inhibitor, was developed to overcome resistance from T790M mutations. While it provides significant benefits, there have been reports linking it to cardiotoxic effects, which complicates attributing these events solely to the drug due to concurrent treatments. This study aims to clarify the direct cardiotoxicity of Osimertinib by reviewing trials and cohort studies involving its monotherapy. Methods: We performed a combined meta-analysis to evaluate cardiovascular toxicity in EGFR-mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients treated with Osimertinib. Data were extracted from nine studies, including pivotal clinical trials (ADAURA, FLAURA, AURA2, MARIPOSA) and observational cohorts (e.g., Patel et al., Lin et al., Le et al., Goss et al.). The analysis included (1) a single-arm meta-analysis estimating the incidence of cardiotoxic events from clinical trials, and (2) a comparative meta-analysis using data from two randomized controlled trials and one retrospective cohort comparing Osimertinib with earlier-generation EGFR inhibitors. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled proportions and relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 , t 2 , and Cochran’s Q. Results: In the single-arm analysis, a total of 2,518 patients receiving Osimertinib monotherapy were included in the pooled analysis. The most frequent adverse events with Osimertinib were QT prolongation (7%), heart failure (5%), arrhythmias (3%), and LVEF decrease (4%). Less frequent events included myocardial infarction (MI) (<1%). In a comparative analysis of Osimertinib versus other EGFR inhibitors, involving a total of 1,815 participants, Osimertinib showed increased risks of heart failure (RR = 4.48), arrhythmias (RR = 3.30), and LVEF decrease (RR = 3.10) compared to other EGFR inhibitors. No significant differences were observed for MI or pericardial effusion. Most outcomes showed low heterogeneity (I 2 = 0%). Conclusion: Osimertinib is associated with a higher risk of heart failure, arrhythmias, and LVEF decline. Although these events are infrequent, the potential severity warrants proactive cardiac monitoring for patients, especially those with existing cardiovascular risk factors.