Abstract 4363968: Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on 5-Year Risk of Major Amputation and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in patients with T2DM, but their effect on the risk of cardiovascular events and amputation in patients with CLTI remains underexplored. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the association between GLP-1RA use and the 5-year risk of major amputation and cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with CLTI. Methods: The TriNetX real-world clinical data platform was used to identify patients with T2DM and CLTI, categorized by the presence or absence of GLP-1RA prescription records. Propensity score matching was applied based on demographics, comorbidities, concurrent antihyperglycemic therapies, and laboratory values. The primary outcome was major lower-limb amputation. The secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemic stroke. All outcomes were assessed at 3 months and up to 5 years following CLTI diagnosis or GLP-1RA initiation. Cox proportional hazards, Kaplan-Meier curves and Log-Rank test were used for analysis. Results: Among 143,274 patients with T2DM and CLTI, 17,638 patients had a prescription record for GLP-1 receptor agonists and 125,636 patients did not receive these medications. Following propensity score matching, 16,237 patients remained in each group (92% match rate). Mean age was 65.4 ± 10.9 years and 59.1% were male. The mean follow-up duration was 771.3 days. Patients receiving GLP-1RAs had a significantly lower rate of major amputation (HR: 0.792; 95%CI: 0.697–0.864; log-rank p < 0.001), all-cause mortality (HR: 0.669; 95%CI: 0.664–0.737; log-rank p < 0.001), MI (HR: 0.859; 95%CI: 0.813–0.908; log-rank p < 0.001), and ischemic stroke (HR: 0.920; 95%CI: 0.863–0.981; log-rank p = 0.011). Conclusion: The use of GLP-1RA medications is associated with a significant decrease in the 5-year risk of major amputations, all-cause mortality, MI and ischemic stroke in diabetic patients with CLTI.