A REVIEW ON THE ANTIULCER POTENTIAL OF VARIOUS HERBAL EXTRACT IN DIFFERENT ANIMAL MODELS

Abstract

Ulcers, particularly peptic ulcers, remain a significant health issue worldwide, primarily caused by factors like stress, Helicobacter pylori infection, excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and imbalances in gastric acid secretion. Although conventional medications like proton pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists are commonly used to treat ulcers, herbal remedies have garnered considerable attention due to their potential therapeutic benefits and minimal side effects. This review explores the antiulcer activity of various herbal extracts traditionally used in folk medicine. The bioactive compounds present in these herbs, including flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, etc have shown promising effects in promoting gastric mucosal healing, reducing acid secretion and protecting against oxidative stress and inflammation. Herbs like Aloe vera, Zingiber officinale, Nerium indicum, Carica papaya and Prunus persica have shown strong antiulcerogenic properties by mechanisms such as inhibiting gastric acid secretion, protecting the mucosa and boosting mucin production. Additionally, certain herbs possess antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, a key contributor to ulcer formation. Peptic ulcer disease can affect individuals of all ages, though it is more commonly seen in middle-aged adults and men. The prevalence of peptic ulcers has decreased in many parts of the world due to the use of antibiotics to treat H. pylori infections, though they remain common in certain populations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various herbal extracts, their pharmacological activities and their potential as effective antiulcer agents, emphasizing the need for further research and clinical trials to validate their efficacy and safety in ulcer treatment.