A rare variant in <i>GPR156</i> associated with depression in a Mennonite pedigree causes habenula hyperactivity and stress sensitivity in mice

B Bradley R. Miller (Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University) C Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui (Regeneron Genetics Center) K Karlla W. Brigatti (Clinic for Special Children) J Job de Jong (Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University) R Robert S. Breese (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown) S Seung Yeon Ko (Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University) E Erik G. Puffenberger (Clinic for Special Children) C Cristopher Van Hout (Regeneron Genetics Center) M Millie Young (Clinic for Special Children) V Victor M. Luna (Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University) J Jeffrey Staples M Michael B. First (Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University) H Hilledna J. Gregoire (Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University) A Andrew J. Dwork E Evangelos Pefanis (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown) S Shane McCarthy (Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute) S Susannah Brydges (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown) J Jose Rojas (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown) B Bin Ye E Eli Stahl S Silvio Alessandro Di Gioia (Regeneron Genetics Center) R René Hen (Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University) K Kevin Elwood (Geisinger Health System) G Gorazd Rosoklija (Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University) D Dadong Li S Scott Mellis (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown) D David Carey (Geisinger Health System) S Susan D. Croll (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown) J John D. Overton L Lynn E. Macdonald (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown) A Aris N. Economides (Connective Tissue Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) A Alan R. Shuldiner N Nao Chuhma (Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute) S Stephen Rayport (Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute) N Najaf Amin (Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center) S Steven A. Kushner N Nicole Alessandri-Haber (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown) S Sander Markx (Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University) K Kevin A. Strauss (Clinic for Special Children)

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Risk for MDD is heritable, and the genetic structure of founder populations enables investigation of rare susceptibility alleles with large effect. In an extended Old Order Mennonite family cohort, we identified a rare missense variant in GPR156 (c.1599G&gt;T, p.Glu533Asp) associated with a two-fold increase in the relative risk of MDD. GPR156 is an orphan G protein–coupled receptor localized in the medial habenula, a region implicated in mood regulation. Insertion of a human sequence containing c.1599G&gt;T into the murine Gpr156 locus induced medial habenula hyperactivity and abnormal stress-related behaviors. This work reveals a human variant that is associated with depression, implicates GPR156 as a target for mood regulation, and introduces informative murine models for investigating the pathophysiology and treatment of affective disorders.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 16
Published April 22, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (39)

B

Bradley R. Miller

Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University

C

Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui

Regeneron Genetics Center

K

Karlla W. Brigatti

Clinic for Special Children

J

Job de Jong

Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University

R

Robert S. Breese

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown

S

Seung Yeon Ko

Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University

E

Erik G. Puffenberger

Clinic for Special Children

C

Cristopher Van Hout

Regeneron Genetics Center

M

Millie Young

Clinic for Special Children

V

Victor M. Luna

Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University

J

Jeffrey Staples

M

Michael B. First

Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University

H

Hilledna J. Gregoire

Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University

A

Andrew J. Dwork

E

Evangelos Pefanis

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown

S

Shane McCarthy

Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute

S

Susannah Brydges

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown

J

Jose Rojas

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown

B

Bin Ye

E

Eli Stahl

S

Silvio Alessandro Di Gioia

Regeneron Genetics Center

R

René Hen

Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University

K

Kevin Elwood

Geisinger Health System

G

Gorazd Rosoklija

Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University

D

Dadong Li

S

Scott Mellis

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown

D

David Carey

Geisinger Health System

S

Susan D. Croll

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown

J

John D. Overton

L

Lynn E. Macdonald

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown

A

Aris N. Economides

Connective Tissue Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals

A

Alan R. Shuldiner

N

Nao Chuhma

Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute

S

Stephen Rayport

Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute

N

Najaf Amin

Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center

S

Steven A. Kushner

N

Nicole Alessandri-Haber

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Tarrytown

S

Sander Markx

Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University

K

Kevin A. Strauss

Clinic for Special Children